674 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Iier cubic centimeter, and where tlie strippiugs were added, an average of 

 12.221.5 bacteria per cubic centimeter. Tests on average milli from the station 

 dairy showed 10.020 I)acteria. 



A comparison of hand and niacliine niillv sliowed a .'^omfwhat lower bacterial 

 content in tlio latter. In comparing the tests of milk drawn with the niachine 

 from many different cows it appeared that some cows produced milk that con- 

 tained a large number of bacteria, but ordinarily the milk was almost free 

 from bacteria as it came from a healthy udder. It was found advi-sable to 

 draw a stream of milk from each teat before the cups are applied as this milk 

 contains a large number of bacteria. A high bacterial count followed lapses 

 in scrujHilous cleanliness in handling the machine and its i)arts. 



Development and present situation of milk recording and bookkeeping 

 associations in Denmark, A. C. Duisoiu; {Ahs. in Intcnidi. Inst. A'jr. [Rome], 

 Mo. Bui. Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases, 5 (lOUf), No. 9, pp. J 2.Pf-l 2.36). —An 

 account of the work of the milk-recording associations in Denmark. 



[Prices paid to farmers for milk] (Cream, and Milk Plant Mo., 3 {1915), 

 No. 6, pp. 2-3, 2.'i, fig. 1). — From statistics compiled by the Daily Division and 

 the Bureau of Crop Estimates of this Department it is estimated that the 

 average price paid to farmers for milk in 1913 was 3.S49 cts. per quart, and in 

 1912, 3.565 cts. The price decreased from 4.2 cts. in January to 3.3 cts. in 

 June and then gradually increasing to 4.3 cts. in December. It appears that 

 milk was at its highest in New England, the average price for the year being 

 4.571 cts. It was lowest in the east North-Central States, the year's average 

 being 3.503 cts. The greatest range in prices was found in the Middle Atlantic 

 States, where the December price was 4.187 cts. and the June price 2.912 cts. 



Studies on milk, R. Windisch (Kis6rlet. Kozlem., 17 (191^), No. 2, pp. 221- 

 223). — In these studies a variation in the dry matter in the milk of morning 

 and evening milkings from to 0.1 per cent was noted in 75.47 per cent of the 

 cases, from 0.1 to 0.2 in 21.69 i>er cent, and greater than 0.2 per cent in 2.81 

 per cent of the cases. The Ackermann refraction was found to be a fairly 

 accurate method of distinguishing the milk from cows of fresh lactation from 

 those well along in the lactation period. 



Bacillus abortus in market milk, Alice C. Evans {Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci., 

 5 {1915), No. J,, pp. 122-125). — A method by which B. abortus may be isolated 

 and identified is described as follows : 



"The milk is plated on ordinary lactose agar, to which there is added just 

 before pouring into the plate, at a temperature of about 50° C, 10 per cent of 

 sterile blood serum. After incubating for four days at 37°, a certain area of 

 the plate, large enough to include several colonies of B. abortus, should they 

 be present, is selected, and the colonies are transferred to a nutrient broth con- 

 taining 1 per cent of glycerin. Colonies from a similar area arc transferred 

 to tubes of whole milk containing litmus. 



" The growth in the glycerin broth is quite characteristic. There is a medium 

 amount of growth in tiny, compact, spherical masses which settles to the bottom 

 of the tube and does not cloud the broth. In litmus whole milk there is an 

 abundant growth in the cream layer, with a gradual development of acid. 

 Cultures in litmus milk from which the cream has been removed grow spar- 

 ingl}^ with no apparent effect. On plain infusion agar slopes the growth is in 

 very small, separate colonies, which are .scattered over the whole surface of 

 the slope, if it hapi:)ens to be moist at the time of inoculation ; or the colonies 

 are confined to a ribbon-like growth, along the line of inoculation, if the agar 

 is comparatively dry when inoculated." 



Tlie incidence of tuberculosis in childhood. — The prevalence of tubercle 

 bacilli in the Edinburgh milk supply, A. P. Mitchell {Jour, iitatc Med., 23 



