VETERINARY MEDICINE. 681 



found that they were slowly disapijoariiiy into the skin, four were lost sight of, 

 but the other three were watched cutting into the epidermis with their mouth 

 hooks and occasionally bending the hinder region of their bodies until they dis- 

 appeared completely. It took them about six hours to get into the skin; possi- 

 bly hair follicles may have facilitated entrance. Next morning there were three 

 little eruptions or pimples just where they had entered, and we found four other 

 little pimples indicating where the other maggots which had been lost to view 

 had also bored iu. . . . These observations confirm the belief deduced from the 

 muzzling results that the maggots enters the animal's body through the skin 

 and not by the mouth and gullet. 



"As the eggs are laid on the lower parts of the animals, seldom if ever on the 

 back, and us the maggots, according to our observations, enter the skin some- 

 what below the position of the eggs, it remains to consider by what course the 

 parasite finds its way to the back." The authors conclude that there is no 

 reason why the maggots should not make their way through the host's body 

 from the skin of the legs to the gullet and thence to the back. After having 

 observed the entrance holes of newly-hatched larvie in the skin two cows were 

 slaughtered to trace their further course. A careful search in the skiu and the 

 underlying fatty and muscular tissues, however, failed to reveal any maggots. 

 In no case could they be followed further than the superficial layers of the 

 dermis. It is suggested that possibly the minute larva may enter u small vein 

 and be carried in the blood stream, at least part of the way to the gullet. 



Examinations were made of a large number of gullets and stomachs of cattle 

 from the Dublin meat markets, and of 1,795 gullets examined G6 contained 

 a total of 625 larvae. The appearance of larvae in the gullet was found to begin 

 in August (on the twenty-sixth in 1914) and the number of affected gullets and 

 of larvae to increase until November, when the maximum is reached. " In 

 December and January there is a slight decrease iu the proportion of affected 

 gullets, but the average maximum of maggots then becomes highest, and it is iu 

 these months that the maggots first appear beneath the skiu of the back. In 

 February when they become common in the latter position, the number in the 

 gullet shows a marked decrea.se; iu March hardly any are left there (our 

 latest specimen was found on March 14), and from April until July, inclusive, 

 no maggots were found in the gullet at all. These facts altogether supjwrt the 

 view that the larvte make their way to the gullet during the late summer and 

 autumn, and leave it during the winter and early spring, traveling toward the 

 region of the spine." The authors' obsei-vations indicate that the maggots 

 wander to and fro along the gullet during the late autumn and winter. Seventy 

 stomachs were examined between October 1 and February 28, but no warble 

 larva; were found in any of them. The authors consider their observation of 

 second-stage larvae just outside the muscular coat of the gullet, appearing as 

 if they had bored througli from the subnuicous coat, to be a new and most 

 interesting one. 



The second part of this paper on The Destruction of Warble Maggots (pp. 

 119-132) is by J. L. Duncan, T. R. Hewitt, and D. S. Jardine. Systematic de- 

 struction by squeezing out the " ripe " maggots has been continued up to the 

 present time, the details relating to which are presented in tabular form. 



In the experiments conducted with a view to discovering an effective dressing 

 to be used for maggot destruction, it was found that sulphur dioxid gas applied 

 under pressure to each warble for less than a minute kills 93 per cent of the 

 maggots and causes no harm whatever to cattle. 



Eradication of the cattle tick necessary for profitable dairying, J. H. 

 McClain {U. .v. Dci}t. A<jr., Fanners' Bill. 6S'J {191',), pp. //, fuj.-i. 2).— This is a 

 popular account based upon the investigations previously noted (E. S. R., 32, 



