AGRICULTURAL BOTANY. 825 



The analysis showed that there was an increase in the percentage of protein 

 and soluble ash through no shade, half shade, to full shade, the highest per- 

 centage of ash occurring in the full shade bed whore the rate of transportation 

 was very low. The effect of the cheese cloth screens was intermediate between 

 no shade and half shade. 



Function of water reserves, L. du Sablon (Rev. Gen. liot., 25 bis (1914), 

 pp. 459-473, figs. 4)- — ^An examination of the aquiferous cells and tissues of 

 several plants is said to show that such cells possess a nucleus and a proto- 

 plasmic layer in a living state, dead cells taking little part in the storing of 

 water on account of the too great permeability of the walls. This property, 

 however, fits them for taking up or getting rid of water where this is advan- 

 tageous. Several classes of aquiferous cells are discussed in regard to their 

 special adaptations, some such cells also aiding, supposedly, in the regulation 

 of transpiration. 



The translocation of materials in aging- leaves, N. Swart (Die Staff wan- 

 derung in ablebenden Blattem. Jena: O. Fischer, 1914, PP- 118, pis. 5). — ^Thls 

 is a study of the transfer and transformation of materials, of color changes, 

 and of the relations of these to leaf fall. 



It is stated that during the process of leaf coloration a transfer of materials 

 from leaf to stem occurs, also that during this i)eriod both plasma and nucleus 

 remain intact in the leaf cells. It is held that death of leaves in a climate 

 characterized either by ijeriodicity or uniformity is regulated chiefly by factors 

 which are apparently internal to the plant itself and which generally show a 

 relation to the age of the plant. 



Anatomical structure of roots under abnormal tension, P. Jaccard (Rev. 

 G^n. Bat., 25 his (1914), PP- 359-312, figs. 7).— The author reports that in the 

 species studied (elm, beech, ash, etc.), roots developing imder unusual ten- 

 sions are characterized by a greater development of the conducting system, by 

 alterations in tissue structure and lignification. by changes in the proportion 

 of woody parenchyma and medullary rays, and by an altered diameter, usually 

 of woody elements, also their more regular arrangement and their longer per- 

 sistence in the living state. It is thought that these may be correlatives of a 

 more general and fundamental reaction to the conditions brought about by 

 tension. 



Effects of compression on root structure, M. Molliard (Rev. G4n. Hot., 25 

 bis (1914), PP- 529-538, pis. 2, figs. 7). — ^The internal changes produced in 

 small roots by their growth under compression between the laminne of schistose 

 rock in subsoil, are described, those noted in Carlina corymhosa and (Enanthe 

 crocata being taken as fairly typical. 



Cells developing under pressure are of inferior size. Living elements usually 

 undergo relatively slight deformation, dead cells being much flattened. The 

 elements of wood and bast develop generally parallel to the compression plane, 

 the vessels also being much flattened. The secretory ducts do not differentiate 

 normally, as the fibrous elements are partly or totally suppressed. Hyperplasia 

 is noted at the extremities of the major transverse axis of the root. 



Deformation of heath on the seashore, H. Devaux (Rev. G^n. Hot., 25 bis 

 (1914), PP- 133-I49, figs. 5). — This contribution on the causes of bushiness deals 

 with the phenomena studied in case of Erica vagans on the seashore, analyzing 

 the direct and indirect effects of wind on growing portions and the responses of 

 the plant as regards production, thinning, bending, and death of the shoots. 



Monstrosities of germination in cauliflower and Savoy cabbage, M. Dubabd 

 and A. Ubbain (Rev. G6n. Bot., 25 bis (1914), pp. 203-216, figs. 6).— The authors 

 have followed up work previously reported (E. S. R., 29, p. 629) by removing 



