VETERINARY MEDICINE. 877 



lerial stains, carbolfuchsin, methylene blue, and Ciram stain, only a few bac- 

 teria and cocci were seen, which are, without doubt, ordinary bacterial con- 

 tamination. With methylenazur, an enormous number of extremely small cocci 

 in the form of diplococci or diplobacilli, sometimes appearing in short chains, 

 closely packed together, were made visible. The majority of the micro-organ- 

 isms are just within the limit of microscopic visibility (0.1 micron) ; the largest 

 form are about 0.2 micron. They are metachromatic violet blue; few are 

 stained deep blue. In places where the organisms appear widely separated, 

 they seem to be surrounded by a small colorless capsule." 



The author is not prepared to say whether this organism is identical with the 

 cocci isolated by Siegel (E. S. R., 27. p. 378). 



Foot-and-mouth disease and the number of live stock (U. 8. Dept. Agr., 

 Fanners' Bui. 651 {1915). jrp. 4, 5). — A brief statement as to the extent of the 

 occurrence of foot-aud-niouth disease in tlie United States during the recent 

 outbreak. Less than 0.08 per cent of the total number of cattle in the country 

 had been slaughtered to January 1, 1915, in stamping out the disease, and it is 

 pointed out that " if the plague had been temporized with and had gotten 

 beyond control, the United States would doubtless have had to endure perma- 

 nently an annual loss of many millions of dollars." 



Foot-and-mouth disease, A. D. Melvin and J. R. Mohler (Amei: Jour. Vet. 

 Med., 10 {1915), No. 3, pp. 162-170, 204-206; Hoard's Dairyman, 49 {1915), No. 

 8, pp. 295, 298-301, 304, figs. 3).— This paper on the outbreak of foot-and-mouth 

 disease in the United States in 1914, its history, distribution, methods of 

 handling it, etc., was delivered before the annual meeting of the United States 

 Livestock Sanitary Association. Up to February 9, 1915, 111,868 animals in 

 2,245 herds distributed over 223 counties in 20 States and the District of Colum- 

 bia had been infected. 



[Foot-and-mouth disease in] the National Dairy Show cattle, W. R. Spann 

 {Jersey Bui. and Dairy World, 34 {1915), No. I4, pp. 450, 451).— This article 

 considers the effect of foot-and-mouth disease on the animals exhibited at the 

 National Dairy Show, which are the only ones that have been kept in quaran- 

 tine during the 1914 outbreak instead of being destroyed. Of the 719 head 

 712 contracted the disease, while the 7 remaining proved immune or had it so 

 slight that it was not noticeable. The disease occurred among these animals 

 in a mild form, none of the 712 succumbing to it, and while the udders of many 

 of the cows were affected only 6 cows of the entire lot lost one or more quar- 

 ters. About 75 per cent of the calves that were born while the cows were 

 affected died. All the animals have been dipped and otherwise disinfected, and 

 contact experiments with susceptible cattle and swine are being carried on to 

 determine whether it is safe to release them from quarantine. 



Tick paralysis, J. L. Todd {Jour. Par., 1 {1914), No. 2, pp. 55-^4).— The 

 author describes a number of cases of tick paralysis recorded by physicians in 

 southern British Columbia. This is followed by a report of experiments car- 

 ried on with the lamb, guinea pig, and puppy. 



" Previous publications have proved that a paralysis in children may be asso- 

 ciated with the bites of ticks in western North America and in Australia ; that 

 a paralysis of sheep has been associated with the bites of ticks in British 

 Columbia and in South Africa ; that the ticks associated with these affections 

 are of more than one sort; that Dermacentor venustiis has produced paralysis 

 in lambs and in a puppy in experiments made under laboratory conditions ; that 

 the paralj^sis following tick bite is probably an individual and novel condition. 



"The paralysis of children is not infrequently accompanied by elevation of 

 temperature and by other constitutional symptoms ; it is possible that symptoms 

 resembling those observed in children sometimes may appear iu adults who 



