832 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Report on experiments on the manuring of turnips in 1909, 1910, and 

 1911, J. WiXLiE {West of iic(jt. Agr. Vol. Bui. GO (1'J12), pp. 17-39).— This 

 reports results in testing commercial fertilizers for turnips in the central and 

 southwestern counties of Scotland. The following conclusions are given : 



" Where farmyard manure is not applied, the use of both potassic and 

 nitrogenous manures for turnips is to be recommended, but of the two the 

 foi-mer are more essential and more likely to yield high money returns. Kalnit 

 and potash manure salts are about equally efficacious. . . . 



"The relative efficacy of i and 1 cwt. nitrate of soda as a top-dressing, along 

 with I cwt. sulphate of aunnonia in the drills, varies very much, and the 

 chances are slightly in favor of the i cwt. dressing proving the more economical. 

 Contrary to popular opinion, i cwt. nitrate of soda in the drills gives, in the 

 majority of cases, a better result than i cwt. top-<lressed, the chances being 

 about 3 : 2 in favor of the drill application. Also, * cwt. nitrate of lime in the 

 drills gives, in the majority of cases, a better result than a similar amount 

 top-dressed. 



"As a top-dressing for turnips, nitrate of lime is at least equal, and in many 

 cases the superior, of nitrate of soda. For drill application, nitrolime is, on 

 the average, about equally efficacious to sulphate of ammonia [and nitrate of 

 lime]. 



" The best nitrogenous dressing for turnips varies very much according to 

 local conditions." 



Correlation and variability relations in a constant square-head variety of 

 wheat, W. Oetken (Ztschr. PflanzenzueM., 2 (1914), No. 4, pp. U5-it60, figs. 

 2). — To study these relations in practical breeding, the author considered the 

 characters, length of stalk, stooling, thickness of spike, and 1,000-keniel weight 

 as they appeared in the first generation from selections of extremes of these 

 characters. From the data obtained, he was forced to admit his inability to 

 formulate any general ratios of correlations or variabilities. 



The flowering and pollination of some forms of spring wheat, T. Shitkowa 

 (Zhur. Opytn. Agron. {Russ. Jour. Expt. Landw.), 15 (1914), No. 3, pp. 155- 

 iSO). — The results of the study, during 1912 and 1913, of varieties of wheat 

 representing the forms Lutescens, Erythrospermum, Hordeiform. and Gnecum 

 in i-egard to the opening of the flowers and anthers, show a wide variation in 

 different seasons, due, apparently, to climatic conditions, and also in the time 

 of day of the same variety, often causing failure in pollination. The author 

 concludes, therefore, that the different forms of the same agricultural plant 

 behave very differently in regard to their flowering and pollination and that 

 nny one kind must be handled with extreme care. 



Spacing, depth of seeding, and tillering in spring wheat, O. D. Rabomnova 

 {Zhur. Opytn. Agron. {Russ. Jour. Expt. Landw.), 15 {1914), No. 5, pp. 371- 

 Sg^), — Two varieties of spring wheat, Triticum wilgare erythrospermum and 

 T. diirum hordeifome, were spaced to have 12.5, 2.5, .50, 100. and 200 sq. cm. 

 per plant (1 sq. cm.=0.155 sq. in.). Yields per plant were found to be largest 

 when grown in the largest space, but the quality of the grain was considered 

 inferior. Per surface unit, however, the reverse was observed. The best spacing 

 for T. durum seemed to be 100 sq. cm. and for T. Tulgare 12.5 sq. cm. 



In studying the influence of depth seed was planted 2 (0.787 in.), 4. 6. 8, 

 and 10 cm. The best germination was secured at the most shallow depth. 

 Tillering was found to begin later with the deeper plantings, but the growth 

 period was shorter so that all heads matured uniformly. No difference in 

 yield was observed at the different depths, but the shallow-planted seeds pro- 

 duced grain of greater 1.000-kernel weight. At the 2-cm. depth the tillering 

 nodes were formed at the seed, while at greater depths these nodes were formed 



