834 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



methods of preparing seeds, cuttings or scions, and rooted plants for sliipment 

 to America witti tlie view of avoiding tlie dangers of introducing diseases and 

 to insure arrival of the material in a vigorous growing condition. 



The use of hotbeds and cold frames on the farm, A. L. Dacy (Weist Vir- 

 ginia Sta. Circ. 13 {J915), pp. 16, fiys. J/). — The author points out the advan- 

 tages of hotbeds and cold frames, and gives directions for their construction 

 and management. 



The farmer's vegetable garden, H. O. Weeneb (North Dakota Hta. Circ. 5 

 (1915), pp. IS, figs. Jf). — A popular treatise on vegetable gardening with special 

 reference to the production of a home supply. In addition to general cultural 

 directions brief notes are given on the culture of the more common vegetables, 

 Including information on storing and canning. 



The results of variety tests of early, midseasou, and late cabbage during 1914, 

 together with a planting table for North Dakota conditions, and a short bibli- 

 ography of literature on vegetables are appended. 



Inheritance and selection by vegetative propagation of garlic (Allium 

 sativum), P. Voglee (Julirh. St. Gall. Xatitrw. GeaelL, .53 (1913), pp. 102-1J,6, 

 figs. 9). — The principal results of this investigation have been noted from an- 

 other source (E, S. R., 30, p. 738). In addition, the author here concludes that 

 selection within a strain based on plus or minus variants is of no value. Modi- 

 fied chai-acters are not inherited through vegetative propagation. 



Orchard and garden spraying, H. L. Cbane (West Virginia Sta. Circ. 12 

 (1914), pp. -}). — ^This comprises a spray calendar for the treatment of the more 

 common insect pests and diseases of fruits and vegetables, together with In- 

 structions for preparing solutions. 



Spraying calendar for 1915, A. L. Melander and D. C. Geoeoe (Washington 

 Sta. Popular Bui. 77 (1915), folio). — This calendar contains concise descriptions 

 of the pests and diseases of various orchard fruits, together with instructions 

 for their treatment. Information is also given relative to the preparation of 

 different solutions. 



[Report on the] section of fruit breeding {Minnesota Sta. Rpt. 1914, PP- 

 37-40). — In the section of fruit breeding special emphasis was given during 

 the season to the study of inheritance in clonal varieties. The results thus far 

 secured, here briefly stated, show that the inheritance of characters in the Fi 

 generation in clonal varieties of plums is not constant, as is ordinarily expected 

 in Mendelian phenomena. The results to date of the sterility investigations 

 with strawberries and plums show that the nuclei of mature pollen in both the 

 plum and strawberry are abnormal, degenerated, and disorganized In many of 

 the sterile or partially sterile varieties. Careful study is being made of the 

 plum hybrids at the fruit breeding farm. These include crosses between several 

 species such as Priimis trifiora X P. americana, P. hesscyi X P. americana, the 

 apricot X sand cherry, P. simonii X P. trifiora. As thus far observed some of 

 the hybrids between P. americana and P. trifiora appear to be self-sterile. 



A special study has been made of the general question of hardiness in fruits. 

 The percentage of winterkilling in strawberries, based on observations of several 

 hundred different crosses during the pi'evious winter, varied from a perfect 

 stand to as high as 60 per cent. Most of the varieties stood the winter well, but 

 there was a marked difference in the percentage of killing under practically 

 similar field conditions. Some of the crosses between P. americana and P. 

 trifiora have proved hardy, and ceratiu of the crosses between the Burbank and 

 Wolf and the Abundance and Wolf have provetl sufficiently hardy to suffer 

 no injury from winters such as 1911-12. The results of the hardiness tests of 

 these hybrids show in general that when a semihardy variety is crossed 

 with a hardy variety the progeny inherit resistance to cold in different de- 



