1917] DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 75 



butter from the lots fed cottonseed products showed decidedly better keeping 

 qualities than that from the other lots. 



Two cows were placed upon the usual grain mixture, plus a little gluten meal 

 for one cow, and timothy hay. After about a month 4 lbs. of cottonseed meal 

 was substituted for 4 lbs. of the grain mixture for each cow and continued for 

 70 days. The meal was then increased to 5 lbs. for 30 days and to 6 lbs. for 

 a final 30-day period. An examination of the physical and chemical constants 

 of the milk fat of these cows throughout the test and of the keeping qualities 

 and other characteristics of butter from these cows and from two herds of cows 

 in Georgia, one of which had been fed cottonseed meal for six months and the 

 other cottonseed for from four to six months, showed that the effects of feeding 

 cottonseed products persist as long as such feeding is continued. 



The results of the experiments are discussed and their practical application 

 pointed out. It is stated that " the feeding of large quantities of cottonseed 

 meal and whole cottonseed, as still practiced in many localities in the South, 

 must be considerably modified if the butter industry of that part of the country 

 is to attain its proper place in the butter industry of the nation. The use of 

 the whole seed as a feed for dairy cattle is to be strongly discouraged on 

 account of its excessive oil content." However, " the results indicate that 1 

 to 1.5 lbs. of whole seed, or 2 to 3 lbs. of cottonseed meal added to the ration 

 of cows on fresh pasture will exert a decided improvement on the quality of 

 the butter. Such a practice would also be of value in preventing the under- 

 feeding which cows frequently suffer, often with serious results upon the milk 

 flow, when first turned to pasture." 



A list of the literature cited is included. 



Silage feeding (Washingttm Sta. Bui. 1S6 (1911), p. 10). — In a progress re- 

 port of experiments with four kinds of silage for dairy cows, it is stated that 

 pea and oat silage compared favorably with corn silage, keeping in excellent 

 condition and being relished and eaten as readily as corn by the cows. Wheat 

 silage was slightly inferior to corn silage, both from the standpoint of milk 

 production and the way the feed was relished by the cow. Clover silage fed 

 in comparison with the other silage feeds showed little or no difference in its 

 effect upon production. Cows failed to eat it quite so well at first, but upon 

 becoming accustomed to it apparently ate it with as much relish as the corn 

 silage. 



[Feeding experiments with dairy cows] CNew Mexico Sta. Rpt. 1916, p. 

 55). — A medium concentrate ration for dairy cows on average irrigated pasture 

 did not prove profitable. The results of an exi)eriment in the winter of 191.5-16 

 favored the use of corn silage in a limited way to replace alfalfa hay for dairy 

 cows. 



[Machine milking versus hand milking], E. V. Ellington (Idaho Sta. Bui. 

 92 (191G), p. 17). — In tests of a mechanical milker with the university herd for 

 eight months of one lactation period, it was found that with the same amount 

 of labor necessary to milk the cows by hand they could be milked three times 

 daily with the milking machine, with a resulting average increase in the milk 

 flow of 22 per cent. One Holstein cow that was difficult to milk produced in eight 

 months in 1916, with the mechanical milker, 11,795 lbs. of milk, containing 360 

 lbs. of fat. During similar periods on hand milking she gave, in 1915, 8,001.5 

 lbs. of milk, containing 274 lbs. of fat, and in 4914, 8,500 lbs. of milk, containing 

 336 lbs. of fat. It is stated that with hard-milking cows the milking machine 

 apparently lengthens the lactation period. 



Creamery records, O. W. Hoi^mes (Fdaho Sta. Bui. 90 (1916), pp. 20).— This 

 bulletin outlines and explains in detail the use of a proposed system of records 

 for creameries. The forms illustrated and explained include a daily cream 



