1917] SOILS FERTILIZERS. 21 



material is piled up, are not ' raw ' toward inoculated legumes, although very 

 unproductive with nonleguminous crops. In the case of alfalfa they produce 

 practically as satisfactory crops as the adjacent surface soils. After such 

 exposed subsoils have for a period of years been devoted to the production of 

 alfalfa hay it appears that they may be planted to nonleguminous crops with 

 satisfactory returns. 



"There is a distinct increase in the nitrogen content of the surface portion 

 of such exposed subsoils, it being much greater when the land is devoted to 

 alfalfa. Even in this case, however, it has by no means attained that of the 

 surrounding surface soils by the time its productivity for nonleguminous crops 

 appears to have been restored. At depths below the plowed area, however, there 

 appears to be no greater gain in nitrogen in the land devoted to alfalfa. 



"A field with ordinary surface soil devoted to the production of alfalfa hay 

 for thirteen years showed no distinct enrichment in nitrogen in the subsoil of 

 the second to sixth foot. . . . 



" The loess subsoils of the semiarid part, ds well as those of the more humid 

 half, of the Nebraska portion of the transition region show, in the matter of 

 ra\\Taess, a behavior intermediate between that of arid subsoils and that of 

 the humid subsoils of the eastern and southern United States and of western 

 Europe, with inoculated legumes resembling the former, but with non- 

 leguminous plants, the latter." 



Twenty references to literature bearing on the subject are appended. 



Soil survey of Latah County, Idaho, J. H. Agee, G. W. Graves, and C. B. 

 MiCKELWAiTE {U. S. Dcpt. Agr., Advance Sheets Field Operations Bur. Soils, 

 1915, pp. 24, pis. 3, figs. 2, map 1). — This survey, made in cooperation with the 

 Idaho Experiment Station, deals with the soils of an area of 582,400 acres in 

 the west-central part of northern Idaho. " The western and southern parts 

 of the county are rolling prairie, while the extreme eastern and northern 

 parts are mountainous. The south-central part has been dissected by swift- 

 fiowing streams. . . . Drainage is well established over the whole county." 



The soils are of residual, eolian, and alluvial origin. Including rough 

 mountainous land and rough stony land, nine soil types of six series are 

 mapped, of which the Palouse silt loam, Helmer silt loam, and rough moun- 

 tainous land cover 33.7, 25.7, and 22.5 per cent of the area, respectively. 



Soil survey of Wells County, Indiana, W. E. Thabp and W. E. Wiley {U. S. 

 Dept. Agr., Advance Sheets Field Operations Bur. Soils, 1915, pp. 29, fig. 1, 

 map 1). — This survey, made in cooperation with the Indiana Department of 

 Geology, deals with the soils of an area of 233,600 acres in northeastern 

 Indiana, the topography of which is undulating to rolling. The natural 

 drainage varies with the topography from poor to good. The surface forma- 

 tion throughout the county is a glacial deposit of the late Wisconsin ice inva- 

 sion. 



Including muck and meadow, eight soil tjT)es of six series are mapped, of 

 which the Cro.sby silty clay loam, Clyde silty clay loam, and Miami silty clay 

 loam cover 38.9, 30.2, and 25.7 per cent of the area, respectively. 



Soil survey of White County [Indiana], T. M. Bushnell and C. P. Erni 

 {Ind. Dept. Geol. and Nat. Resources Ann. Rpt., ^0 {1915), pp. 109-155, pi. 1). — 

 This survey has been noted from another source (E. S. R., 36, p. 812). 



Soil svirvey of Van Buren County, Iowa, C. Lounsbury and H. W. Reid 

 (U. S. Dept. Agr., Advance Sheets Field Operations Bur. Soils, 1915, pp. 32, 

 fig. 1. map 1). — This survey, made in cooperation with the Iowa Experiment 

 Station, deals with the soils of an area of 308,480 acres In southern Iowa, 

 the surface of which consists of a broad, level plain dissected by southeast- 

 wai'dly flowing streams. Fairly good drainage is said to prevail over most of 



