191ti VETERINARY MEDICINE. 179 



an abundant supply of free amino acids was present. It is deemed probable 

 that the nuiiu food requirements of the meningococcus are the amino acids. 



Preliminary report on the relation of anaerobic organisms to forage poison- 

 ing, J. S. Buckley and L. P. Shippen (Juur. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, 50 

 {1917), No. 7, pp. 809S16).— The resemblance of this dis(>ase in the horse to 

 that of botulism or sausage poisoning in man led the authors to conduct ex- 

 perimental work with Bacillus botulinus. 



Experiments with a strain of this organism isolated from cheese showed it 

 to possess intense toxin-producing powers. B. botulinus grown in modified 

 Rideal-Walker broth produced death in both small laboratory animals and 

 horses and donkeys. When grown in a medium containing dextrose instead of 

 lactose, under strict anaerobic conditions, it was fully as potent to produce 

 death in both small laboratory animals and horses and donkeys as when grown 

 in the modified Rideal-Walker broth. 



" While the few symptoms exhibited by the donkey and horses that suc- 

 cumbed greatly resemble some of the characteristic symptoms of forage poison- 

 ing, and while the post-mortem findings are yet more characteristic of this dis- 

 ease, it will require further research to establish a definite relationship to the 

 natural or spontaneous so-called forage poisoning. Certain it is that B. 

 botulinus is capable of producing a form of forage poisoning should conditions 

 exist in nature for the development of the organism and the elaboration of its 

 toxin as on pastures or in masses of feed material. We can see no good reason 

 why such a development may not take place. Symbiosis is probably the rule 

 rather than the exception in the development of anaerobes in nature." 



Pulmonary strongylosis, W. B. Herms and S. B. Freeborn (Jour. Amer. 

 Vet. Med. Assoc., 50 (1917), No. 7, pp. 862-868) .—Thin has been substantially 

 noted from another source (E. S. R., 35, p. 182). 



Anthrax (charbon), W. H. Dalbymple (Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, 50 

 (1917), No. 7, pp. 831-846, figs. 5). — This paper, which was pre.sented at the 

 meeting of the Mississippi Veterinary Medical Association at Clarksdale, Miss., 

 in January, 1917, relates particularly to the control and the possible eradica- 

 tion of anthrax. Data relating to the transmission of anthrax infection by 

 insects, as based upon investigations by H. Morris at the Louisiana Experiment 

 Stations, are briefly summarized. 



Anthrax as an occupational disease, J. B. Andrews (U. S. Dept. Labor, Bur. 

 Labor 8tatis. Bui. 205 (1917), pp. 155, pis. 11). — Though anthrax is primarily 

 a disease of animals, such as cattle and sheep, from which it is transmitted to 

 man in a number of industrial pursuits, the present work deals with it particu- 

 larly as affecting man. 



Vaccinations against hemorrhagic septicemia, II, J. B. Hardenbergh and 

 F. Boerner, jr. (Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, 50 (1917), No. 7, pp. 868-876). — 

 Continuing the work previously noted (E. S. R., 35, p. 77), the authors have 

 used the hemorrhagic septicemia vaccine in field work with promising results. 



No standard animal test has been found for the vaccine other than that it Is 

 virulent for rabbits and guinea pigs, but not for sheep or calves. " Twenty- 

 two recoveries among 23 vaccinated steers with but 12 recoveries among 25 

 native cattle on pasture seems to indicate a therapeutic value for the vaccine 

 in chronic cases of hemorrhagic septicemia taking the form of pneumonia." 

 Death within one week following vaccination of a few apparently healthy ani- 

 mals appears to indicate that sufficient immunity for protection is not developed 

 within that time. It is indicated that the use of an antiserum simultaneously 

 with a vaccine may eliminate such losses. 



The work is being continued. 



