1917] HOETICULTXJEE. 241 



Observations of various hedge plants on the station grounds indicate that 

 the best plants for clipped hedges are buckthorn, Cotoneaster acutifolia, and 

 Alpine currant. Hackberry and Viburnum lantana have been used witli good 

 results under some conditions. 



[Report of horticultural investigations at the Crookston substation] {Min- 

 nesota Sta., Rpt. Crookston Substa., 1910-1916, pp. 70-81). — Tabular data aue 

 given showing the number and kinds of fruit trees and shrubs, as well as orna- 

 mental trees and shrubs planted at the Crookston substation chiefly during the 

 period 1910-1916, including the number alive in 1916. Much injury and death 

 among the plantings was caused by soil alkali, sun scald, freezing in the fall, 

 and winter injury. The yields secured from variety tests of vegetables during 

 the period of 1911-1916 are also reported, including notes on the best varieties. 



[Horticultural work at the Crookston substation] {Minnesota Sta. Rpt. 

 1916, pp. 70, 71). — Notes are given on hardiness, variety, and cultural tests in 

 1915-16 of windbreak and ornamental trees and shrubs, orchard and small 

 fruits, and vegetables, conducted at the Crookston substation, as noted above. 



Report of the work of the horticultural substation, O. B. Whipple (Mon- 

 tana Sta. Bui. 114 {1916), pp. 101-123, figs. 8). — A progress report on orchard 

 culture and variety tests started at the substation in 1908. 



The results of cultural experiments taken as a whole show the detrimental 

 effect of continuous clean tillage as maintained during the period 1908-1916, 

 inclusive, and the beneficial effects of leguminous cover crops in building up the 

 fertility of the soil. The variety tests included apples, apricots, cherries, pears, 

 peaches, plums, and walnuts. Notes are given on the behavior and adaptability 

 of different varieties to western Montana conditions. 



A fruit survey of Mesa County, E. P. Sandsten, T. F. Limbockeb, and R. A. 

 McGiNTT {Colorado Sta. Bui. 223 {1917), pp. 3-52, figs. 12).— The survey here 

 reported was conducted during the summer and fall of 1915. The area sur- 

 veyed included the portion of Grand A'^alley, about 75,000 acres in extent, which 

 was irrigated previous to the opening of the Government ditch in 1915. The 

 information secured pertains to various cultural practices, the extent to which 

 they are used, areas in different kinds of fruits, varieties grown, yields, costs, 

 culture, etc. In presenting the results suggestions are given relative to im- 

 provement in cultural operations. 



The results show that there are nearly 16,000 acres of orchard in the valley, 

 of which 10,000 are apples, 3,000 peaches, 2,400 pears, and the remainder 

 plums, apricots, and cherries. Fewer than one-third of the fruit trees in the 

 Grand Valley are over 12 years old. The orchards as a rule were found to be 

 too small to be profitable, the average size being slightly below 9' acres. The 

 authors recommend that more land be devoted to general farming, stock raising, 

 and dairying, and that the average fruit grower include other crops besides 

 fruit. It is estimated that more than 2,500 acres of orchard have been pulled 

 out during the last five years. The estimated average cost of production per 

 box of fruit laid down at the shipping station is for apples 61.2 cts., pears 60.5 

 cts., and peaches 31.2 cts. 



Fruits, trees, and shrubs recommended for northern Minnesota, T. M. Mc- 

 Call {Minnesota Sta., Rpt. Crookston Substa., 1910-1916, pp. 88-91). — The 

 varieties given are listed in order of adaptability as shown by work at the 

 Northwest Substation at Crookston and results obtained by growers in different 

 parts of northern Minnesota. 



Dependable fruits: Apples, pears, plums, peaches, cherries, small fruits, 

 W. J. Gkeen, p. Thayee, and J. B. Keil {Ohio Sta. Bui. 313 {1917), pp. 603- 

 611t, pi. 1). — This bulletin includes varietal lists prepared by the station of 

 apples, pears, plums, peaches, cherries, and small fruits recommended for 



