242 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED, [Tol. 37 



culture in Ohio. The selection of the varieties here suggested for culture is 

 based upon exi)erience covering 25 years in the station orchard, in orchards of 

 cooperators, and on observation and study of horticultural problems in various 

 sections of the State. 



Annual report of the Fruit Experiment Station, Shillong, for the year 

 ended June 30. 1916. C. H. Holder (Ann. Rpt. Agr. Expt. Stas. Assam. 1916, 

 pp. 6^-85). — Tabular data are given showing the number and kinds of orchard 

 and small fruits in the station nurseries and orchards. 



Pruning, F. M. Clement and F. S. Reeves (Ontario Dept. Agr. Bui. 24S 

 (1917), pp. 36, figs. 18). — A practical treatise on methods of pruning fruit trees, 

 vines, and bushes. 



Apple breeding at the iiniversity experiment station, C. S. Craxdall 

 (Trans. III. Hort. Soc, n. scr., 50 (1916), pp. .^-}4--}-5i). — A popular summary of 

 progress made in apple breeding investigations which have been under way at 

 the Illinois Experiment Station since 1907. 



One phase of the work comprises an attempt to determine whether varieties 

 of apples are affected through propagation from selected buds. The results 

 secured indicate in brief that just as good trees are grown from small buds 

 as from large buds, and there is no evidence that it makes any difference from 

 which location on the tree or shoot the bud may be taken. Buds from water 

 sprouts are equal to buds from top terminal shoots. 



Field experiments in spraying apple orchards in 1916. A. J. Gcndebson 

 and W. S. Brock (Illinois Sta. Circ. 194 (1911). pp. S-15). — The experiments 

 here summarized were conducted to determine the relative values of Bordeaux 

 and lime-sulphur in the control of apple blotch, the relative merits of dust 

 and liquid spraying in the control of insects and fungi, and the value of the 

 cluster-bud spray in the control of scab. A more detailed account will appear 

 in a later publication. 



Although Bordeaux caused some russetlng of the fruit and a small amount 

 of foliage injury. It proved superior to lime-sulphur as a spray for blotch, 

 probably because of its greater adhesiveness. It was thus effective over a 

 longer period of time than lime-sulphur. Dust mixtures were less eflScient 

 than the liquid sprays in the control of fungi, but apparently controlled the 

 codling moth and curculio equally as well as the liquid sprays. The prebloom 

 or cluster bud spray was valueless in the control of scab where the infection 

 was not present the precei.ling season. Bordeaux applied just before the bloom 

 was no more efficient than lime-sulphur arsenate of lead in the control of apple 

 scab. On one plat whore arsenate of lead was used alone throughout the 

 season scab infection was reduced materially. 



Based on results of the experiments, spray schedules are given for different 

 sections of Illinois, together with formulas and methods of preparation. 



Dominion experimental orchard work. W. S. Blaib (Ann. Rpt. Fruit Groto- 

 crs' Assoc. Nova Scotia, 1917, pp. 132-159). — The results are given of cooper- 

 ative spraying experiments conducted under the direction of the Kentville 

 station in 1916. 



The investigations as a whole show that four regular lime-sulphur arsenate 

 sprays, tho first of which is applied when the buds have burst and the leaves 

 are partly open, the second when the blossom clusters have separated and 

 before the petals have opened, the third when 90 per cent of the petals have 

 fallen, and the fourth about ten days afte*- the third .-pray, are necessary for 

 the best control of apple scab. If three applications only can be made, a 

 thorough application should be given midway between the time for the first 

 and second sprays. If only two applications can be made, the one before and 

 the one after the blossoms will give the best results. 



