1017] DISEASES OF PLANTS. 247 



Control measures ag-ainst plant diseases and injurious insects, C. J. J. 

 VAN Hall, A. A. L. Rutgers, and K. W. Dammerman (Dcpt. Landh., Nijv. en 

 Handel [Dutch East Indies], Meded. Lab. Plantenziekten, No. 17 (1915), pp. 42, 

 figs. 20). — This is a discussioH of a large number of preparations, with devices 

 and appUances for their employment, for the control of diseases and animal 

 enemies of various plants in Java. 



Tests of new fungicides, E. Riehm (Mitt. K. Biol. A7ist. Land u. F&rstw., 

 No. 15 (1914), PP- 7, 8). — The results are detailed of tests, principally with 

 new mercury preparations offered as means of combating cereal diseases, par- 

 ticularly TiUctia tritici on wheat and Helminthosporium gramineum on barley. 



Tests of fungicides with cereal diseases, E. Riehm (Mitt. K. Biol. Anst. 

 Land u. Forstio., No. 16 (1916), pp. 8, 9). — The experiments noted above have 

 been continued. The tests with mercury chlorophenol against Helminthos- 

 porium gramineum are said to have proved the adequacy of this fungicide in 

 this connection. Chinosol proved less effective at safe concentrations. Mercury 

 chlorophenol at 0.2 per cent concentration applied to seed grain for 10 minutes, 

 or at 0.1 per cent for 15 minutes, controlled stinking smut as completely as did 

 formaldehyde, copper sulphate, or corrosive sublimate, but it appeared to be 

 ineffective against loose smut of barley. 



Overwintering of stinking smut in soil, O. Aj>pel and E. Riehm (Mitt. K. 

 Biol. Anst. Land u. Forstw., No. 15 (1914), p. 6). — Spores of stinking smut in 

 samples of soil from various localities could not be made to germinate in spring 

 by any means employed. 



Diseases and pests of rice, A. A. L. Rutgers (Teysmannia, 27 (1916), No. 6, 

 pp. 313-342). — Influences discussed as local causes of loss to rice interests in- 

 clude root rot (soil conditions), head rot (climate or weather), Tilletia horrida, 

 Ustilaginoidea virens, Sclerotium rolfsii, fungus leaf spotting, and various in- 

 sects and birds. 



Treatment of loose smut of wheat and barley, O. Appel and E. Riehm 

 (Mitt. K. Biol. Anst. Land u. Forstto., No. 15 (1914), pp. 5, 6). — After two 

 hours in hot water and tvi'o more in moist air, wheat seed infected with loose 

 smut showed a degree of infection amounting to 1 per cent. Complete freedom 

 from infection was obtained by treating infected wheat or barley seed with 0.1 

 per cent corrosive sublimate for one hour, also by use of the combined treatment 

 consisting of four hours in water at 25 to 30° C. and 10 minutes at 50 to 52°, 

 likewise by use of the treatment in which barley seed are kept in water at 45° 

 for two hours. 



A wheat disease caused by Dilophospora graminis, L. Mangin (Bui. Soc. 

 Path. Veg. France, 1 (1914) No. 1, pp. 55-77, pi. 1). — An account is given of 

 the destructive effects on wheat of D. graminis. Dilophia graminis and Masti- 

 gosporium album, supposed to be other forms or stages of this fungus, are more 

 or less common in wild grains, which may thus become sources of infection for 

 wheat and perhaps oats, if not other crops. 



[Wheat rust in New Zealand], R. Waters (Jour. Agr. [New Zeal.], 13 

 (1916), No. 1, pp. 41-^6, fig. 1). — Wheat rust, though present to some extent 

 every season in New Zealand, is rarely widespread and severe, but a period of 

 exceptional severity in this respect was experienced in the neighborhood of 

 Greenfield, Bruce County, South Otago, where yields were so greatly reduced 

 as to be worthless in some cases. Volunteer oat plants in some badly rusted 

 wheat fields showed practically no signs of rust. 



Barberry is rare in many parts of New Zealand and it is not known to bear 

 the fungus producing the secidiospores of the wheat rust fungus, the usual 

 mode of overwintering possibly being omitted in this case. It is believed that 

 the su mm er spores infect the volunteer plants and autumn crops and that the 



