1917] VETERINARY MEDICINE. 879 



In an appended note G. H. F. Nuttall reports upon the identification of 

 ectoparasites collected from marmots by the senior author. These included a 

 flea determined by Rothschild as a slightly aberrant specimen of Cerato- 

 phyllus fanniUis and a number of ticks closely resembling HwmaphysaHa 

 koningsbcrgeri. 



Note on the transmission of animal trypanosomiasis in northern Rhodesia 

 by bloodsucking flies other than Glossina, F. Chambers (Vet. Rev., 1 (1911), 

 No. 3, pp. 222-227). — "From the evidence obtained it would appear that the 

 trypanosome can be and is spread in tsetse-free areas by the agency of biting 

 flies. That Tabanidae are the worst offenders is becoming realized. Pangonia 

 and Stomoxys have also been shown to be transmitting agents, and it is pos- 

 sible that any bloodsucking fly can transmit ti'ypanosomiasis mechanically." 



Tuberculosis and animal breeding, U. Duerst (Scliiceis. Arch. Tierheilk., 59 

 (1911), Nos. 2, pp. 65-91, figs. 2; S, pp. 154-113, fig. i).— This is a general dis- 

 cussion of the subject, together with some original experimental data. 



The author shows that the statistical data in regard to the frequency of 

 tuberculosis in man as well as in animals, reported by districts, or findings 

 in abattoirs do not, in general, give a correct indication of the spread of 

 the disease among animals. The classification by age should be taken into 

 account. As has been earlier suggested, tlie frequency of tuberculosis increases 

 with age, but only to a definite point. This establishes an average curve 

 of the frequency of the disease, and by its use the frequency can be calculated 

 in any locality if the age classification of the animals in the particular locality 

 is known. 



In regard to the spread of the disease, the dust in the stable plays an im- 

 portant part, as well as the general condition of the stable. The larger the 

 stable and the more animals together, the greater is the percentage of in- 

 fections. It is indicated that more attention should be paid to construction 

 of buildings for the animals. Small compartments, rather than the housing of 

 many animals in one large compartment, are recommended. 



The degree of susceptibility is considered to depend on the general state 

 of the constitution of the animal. Experimental data show that excessive in- 

 breeding weakens the constitution. Acclimatization and too frequent preg- 

 nacies are also considered to weaken the constitution and to be predisposing 

 factors to the disease. 



A bibliogi-aphy of 81 references to the literature cited is appended. 



Presence of tubercle bacilli in the feces of cattle in dairy herds, R. S. 

 Williams, W. M. Scott, T. Roberts, and W. A. Hoy (Vet. News, 14 (1911), Nos. 

 695, pp. 111-113; 696, pp. 180-18J,, figs. 2).— Samples of feces from 179 cows 

 were examined for tubercle bacilli. Eliminating the cases which did not 

 react to the tuberculin test and the tests which failed, virulent tubercle bacilli 

 were found in the feces of 3 of the remaining 158 animals. 



The experimental technique used is described and the results of the investiga- 

 tion discussed. 



The incidence of bovine infection of tuberculosis in man, Chung Yik Wang 

 (Jour. Path, and Bact., 21 (1911), No. 2, pp. 131-112).— The author divides the 

 cases of tuberculosis examined by him into the following groups : Cases which 

 showed definite active lesions of tuberculosis in the body on microscopic exami- 

 nation ; cases which, while showing no evidence of a definite active tuberculous 

 infection in any part of the body, revealed certain lesions apparently of a 

 tuberculous nature in the form of caseous glands or calcareous deposits in the 

 glands or the lungs ; cases in which either no change or only a simple increase 

 in size or softening of one or more glands, unassociated with any evidence of 



