19171 DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 873 



ration of 4 lbs. bran, 1 lb. locust bean meal, 75 lbs. turnips, and oat straw, 

 supplemented by 4 lbs. palm nut cake for lot 1 and 4 lbs. cottonseed cake for 

 lot 2. The weekly yield of milk before the experiment was 17.25 lbs. more for 

 lot 2 than for lot 1. During the eight weeks of the experiment lot 1 produced 

 11,215.75 lbs. and lot 2, 10,962.75 lbs. of milk. 



During the summer of 1916 two lots of eight cows each were fed for seven 

 weeks on pasture supplemented with 4 lbs. cottonseed cake, 4 lbs. bran, and 1 lb. 

 locust bean meal per day for lot 1, and 4 lbs. palm nut cake, 4 lbs. bran, and 

 1 lb. locust bean meal for lot 2. Previous to the experiment the milk yield 

 of the two lots was practically equal. During the experiment the milk yield 

 was 13,622.5 lbs. for lot 1 and 12.836.25 lbs for lot 2. The animals ate the palm 

 kernel nut cake less readily than the cottonseed cake. 



Analyses are given of the concentrates used in these experiments. 



Calf feeding experiments (Dept. Agr. and Tech. Instr. Ireland Jour., 11 

 (1917), A'o. 2, pp. 257-259). — In a series of experiments at 30 centers in 17 

 counties crushed oats was compared with a standard calf meal composed of 

 ground flaxseed, oat meal, and maize meal (1:2:2). 



In the experiments, which lasted an average of 116 days, 202 calves were used. 

 They averaged one-half week of age at the beginning of the test. The crushed 

 oats ration was fed dry and the calf meal was steeped in hot water for 12 

 hours. An average daily gain of 1.41 lbs. per head was made on crushed oats 

 and 1.44 lbs. on the calf meal. On the basis of prewar prices, the cost of pro- 

 duction was 5s. 3d. per hundredweight (1.1 cts. per pound) less on crushed 

 oats than on the calf meal. 



The business of ten dairy farms in the blue grass region of Kentucky, 

 J. H. Aenold (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 5^8 {1917), pp. 12).— K brief analysis is 

 given of 10 dairy farms found among the 187 farms previously noted (E. S. R., 

 36, p. 789). 



The average labor income on these 10 dairy farms was $1,773 and on the 187 

 farms $750. The labor income on the seven successful farms of the ten varied 

 from $6,408 to $1,121. The principal source of income on these farms was 

 market milk, with cream next in importance, while very little butter was mar- 

 keted. Receipts from the dairy represented 71 per cent of the total, the re- 

 mainder consisting of tobacco (5.8 per cent), wheat, steers, poultry, and the sale 

 of dairy cows, young stock, and calves. It is estimated that the cost of feed 

 per cow on these farms varied from $40 to $50. The advantages of the blue- 

 grass region for dairying are discussed. 



A comparison of the seven more successful farms is made with the average 

 of the whole group of ten. It is noted that " the average successful farm had 

 the largest business, as shown by the size of farm, the number of dairy cows, 

 and the working capital. On the average successful farm there were more 

 receipts from crops and miscellaneous sources than were shown for the average 

 of the ten farms. This indicates the greater degree of diversity on the success- 

 ful farms. The most important comparison is that shown for the receipts per 

 cow [$164 and $126, respectively]." 



The effect of the ingestion of desiccated placenta on the variations in the 

 composition of human milk during the first 11 days after parturition, F. S. 

 Hammett and L. G. McNeile (Jour. Biol. Chem., SO (1917), No. 1, pp. 145- 

 153). — The results of this study demonstrate that the ingestion of desiccated 

 placenta has an effect upon the factors concerned in the regulation of the 

 chemical composition of milk. There is a stimulation of the sugar- and protein- 

 producing mechanism with an apparent depression of the function of the fat- 

 secreting apparatus. 



