1917] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 853 



The other control measures considered include destruction of leaves in the 

 fall, bagging grape clusters, hand picking infested berries, early harvesting, 

 burying hibernating pupae, etc. 



A report of studies of tCis pest in Ohio by Goodwin has been previously noted 

 (E. S. R., 35, p. 358). 



On the pathogenicity of tlie so-called Sotto bacillus of silkworms, K. AoKi 

 and Y. Chigasaki (Bui. Imp. Serictilt. Expt. Sta. Japan, 1 (1916), No. 1, pp. 

 97-139). — The investigations show that the fatal action of old agar cultures 

 of Bacillus sotto is due to a toxin which occurs in the spores. 



The atoxogen type of Bacillus sotto, A. Aoki and Y. Chigasaki (Bui. Imp. 

 Sericiilt. Expt. Sta. Japan, 1 (1916), No. 1, pp. I4I-I49). — A strain of B. sotto 

 discovered by the authors — the atoxogen type — did not produce a fatal toxin 

 when grown in agar culture, but did, however, possess the power to produce a 

 septicemia. It was found that the so-called atoxogen and toxogen strains can 

 be distinguished neither culturally or through immunization. 



Flight of mosquitoes. — Studies on the distance of flight of Anopheles 

 quadrimaculatus, .T. A. A. LePrince and T. H. D. Griffitts (Pub. Health Rpts. 

 [U. S.], S2 (1917), No. 18, pp. 656-659, figs. S).—" Observations on the flight of 

 A. quadrimaculatus in nature showed the flight to extend to approximately a 

 mile from a breeding place producing very profusely. Beyond this distance 

 stained specimens were not found. The distance of flight from a place producing 

 very freely but less profusely than the above was decidedly less, approximately 

 a half mile. Stained specimens of A. quadrimaculatus were taken as follows: 

 One at 5,565 ft. from the point of liberation, two at 3,245 ft., three at 3,090 ft., 

 one at 2,800 ft. A. quadrim<iculatus, in one test, flew across a river 800 ft. wide 

 in returning to a plantation from which they were originally caught for the 

 test. Approximately 900 or 1,000 mosquitoes were liberated." 



Notes on the early stages of Chrysops, W. Marchand (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, 

 25 (1917), No. S, pp. U9-16S, pis. S). — A contribution from the department of 

 animal pathology of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, 

 N. J., consisting of notes on the egg-laying habits and the earlier stages of 

 Tabanidse or horseflies of the genus Chrysops. Twelve of the 34 species occur- 

 ring in New Jersey were found at Princeton. 



Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis larvae as parasites of the human intestine, 

 L. Haseman (Ent. News, 28 (1917), No 8, pp. S4S-S46). — This reports cases of 

 parasitism by S. Juemorrhoidalis in Missouri. 



Fly investigation reports, I-III, Winifred H. Saundbxs (Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 London, No. S (1916), pp. ^61-468, 465-468, 469-479; abs. in Rev. Appl. Ent., 

 Ser. B, 4 (1916), No. 11, pp. 167, 168).— The first part of this report relates to 

 some observations on the life history of the blowfly and of the house fly, made 

 from August to September, 1915; the second part to trials for catching, repel- 

 ling, and exterminating flies in houses, made during the year 1915 ; and the 

 third part to investigations with stable manure to check the breeding of house 

 flies, made during the year 1915. 



As reported in the third paper, the author has found two very successful 

 methods of treating stable manure for the destruction of flies, the first con- 

 sisting in a surface dressing of the manure with green tar oil or with neutral 

 blast furnace oil and soil at the rate of 1 part of oil to 40 parts of soil, and the 

 second, the application of tetrachlorethane in the miscible form at the rate of 

 2 oz. to 10 cu. ft. of manure. Both treatments killed the maggots successfully 

 and are harmless to plants. Tar oil has a permanent effect In being resistant to 

 rain while the effect of the tetrachlorethane lasts only while the liquid 

 vaporizes. 



32950°— 18— No. 9 5 



