848 EXPEBIMENT STATION RECORD. I Vol. 37 



New York Horticultural Society on January 24, 1917, in which it is shown that 

 the codling moth was by far the most important of the insects responsible for 

 apple deformation during 1916, having been responsible for 5Si per cent. It 

 is followed in in)port.ince by aphids. 12g per cent ; red bugs, 9| ; curculio, 4f ; 

 lesser apple worm, 4J ; leaf roller, 3t ; green fruit worm, li ; San Jos& .sc;Ue, 1; 

 case bearers, § ; bud moth, i ; Palmer worm, i ; apple maggot, J ; and other 

 insects, 1. 



Spraying for insects affecting apple orchards in Nova Scotia, G. E. 

 Sanders and W. H. Brittain {Canada Dept. Agr., Ent. Branch Circ. 8 (1916), 

 pp. 11, pi. 1). — This circular contains the results of spraying experiments car- 

 ried on in Nova Scotia during the last two years, together with notes on the con- 

 trol of certain insects affecting apples and pears that are prevalent at the 

 present time. A spray calendar, revised to include the results of later work, 

 is also included. * 



Insects injuring stored food products in Connecticut, W. E. Britton (Con- 

 necticut State Sta. Bui. 195 (1911), pp. S-21, figs. 18). — A brief summary of 

 information on stored food products insect pests, to which is added informa- 

 tion on control measures. 



The carriage of disease by insects, L. O. Howard (Jour. Wash. Acad. Sri., 

 7 (1911), No. 8, pp. 217-222). — This is an abridgment of the presidential address 

 delivered before the Washington Academy of Sciences on February 1, 1917. 



A key for the identification of animal parasites found in the human feces. 

 H. G. Martin and L. S. McKittuick (Bui. Iniv. Wis., Xu. 828 (1917), pp. 24, 

 figs. 43). — An illuslratod key. 



Volatility of organic compounds as an index of the toxicity of their 

 vapors to insects, W. Moork (U. S. Dept. Agr., Jour. Agr. Research, 10 (1917). 

 No. 7, pp. S65S71, figs. 7). — This is a report of investigations carried on at the 

 Minnesota Experiment Station In continuation of those previously notinl 

 (E. S. R., 37, p. 559). By apitlying the chemicals to a strip of filter paper 

 suspended in a flask the actual anu>unt necessary to kill the housefly in 400 

 minutes was determined for a large number of chemicals, the results of 

 which are here recorded. 



" In general the toxicity of a volatile organic compound is correlated closely 

 with its volatility. A decreasing volatility is accompanied by an increased 

 toxicity. The boiling point of the chemical is a general index of its volatility. 

 Compounds with boiling points of 225 to 250° C. are usually so slightly volatile 

 that they do not produce death except after very long exposures. The struc- 

 ture of the respiratory system of the insect is probably responsible for the 

 remarkable influence of volatility on the toxicity of (he vapor of volatile 

 organic compounds." 



Lead arsenates, stone fruits, and the weather. G. P. Gray (Jour. I-Ji-au. F.nt., 

 10 (1917), No. 4' PP- S85-,W2, pi. 1). — Investigations of injury to stone fruits 

 in California during April, 1915, have shown that the acid type of lead arsen- 

 ate, often labeled "standard," is unsafe to use on the foliage of these fruits 

 except under favorable weather comlitlons. Pome fruits sprayed under the 

 same conditions for the control of cankerworm showed no injury. The foliage 

 injury in the orchards of the Santa Clara Valley in the spring of 1915 was 

 due to the decomposition of acid lead arsenate by the weather. The basic 

 type of lead arsenate usually labeU^l " triplumbic " or " neutral," which is a 

 slower acting poison, is a safer arsenical to use on stone fruits. 



Locust control in various countries, G. Thinchieri (La Lutiv Contre ics 

 Sauterellcs dans hs Divcr.<t Pays. Home: Inst. Internal. Agr., 1916. pp. ATZ-f- 

 187; rev. in Kcr. Appl. Ent., Ser. A, 5 (1917), No. .1, pp. 100, 101).— In an intr..- 

 duction by Saulnier (pp. IV-XVI) the circumstances relating to the compila- 



