10171 FIELD CROPS. 333 



the State, Culberson and Winter Turf prov(>cl a little more hardy than Bick- 

 nell and were also better adapted to light, sandy soils of medium to poor fer- 

 tility and are considered best for Maryland conditions. The Culberson, Bick- 

 nell. Winter Turf, Dewey, and Red Rust Proof varieties are briefly described. 



The two leading barley varieties were Mammoth Winter, with an average 

 yield of 34.64 bu., and Maryland Winter, with 34.59 bu. Tennessee Winter, 

 yielding 30.43 bu., is recommended together with the two varieties named above 

 because of its ready availability on the market. 



Five varieties of spelt and 3 of emmer were tested. Alstroum spelt yielded 

 an average of 63.23 bu., but contained 40 per cent hulls to gi'ain. Black Winter 

 emmer yielded 34.43 bu. 



The total weight of rrain produced per acre of the highest yielding variety 

 of wheat, oats, barley, spelt, and emmer was as follows : Bearded Purple Straw 

 wheat 2.412.2 lbs., Dewey oats 1,639.4 lbs.. Mammoth Winter barley 1,662.5 lbs., 

 Alstronum spelt 1,896.9 lbs., and Black Winter emmer 1,032.9 lbs. 



Grains for the dry lands of central Oregon, L. R. Breithaxjpt <C7. S. Dept. 

 Agr. Farmers' Bui. 800 (1917), pp. 2-22, figs. 6). — The production of small gi-ains 

 on the nonirrigated lands of central and southeastern Oregon at elevations of 

 from 4,000 to 5,000 ft. is discussed. The information presented is based partly 

 upon the results of three years' experiments conducted in cooperation with the 

 Oregon Experiment Station, at the Harney substation at Burns, and applies 

 only where the rainfall, summer frost, and winter cold are average and where 

 the nature, depth, and alkali content of the soil are favorable for crop pro- 

 duction. 



The important cereal crops for the region as a whole are winter and spring 

 wheat, winter and spring rye, spring oats, and spring barley. Flax, field peas, 

 and dry-land alfalfa are important but are not yet fully established. Minor 

 crops include emmer, spelt, rape, sweet clover, root crops, and potatoes. Crops 

 which have proved to be rather definitely unadapted to the average conditions 

 are corn, millet, sorghum, beans, buckwheat, and cultivated grasses. 



Grasses used in binding the shifting sands of southern Italy, A. Borzi {Bol. 

 R. Giard. Colon. Palermo, 2 {1916), No. //, pp. 189-213, figs. 6; abs. in IntevJiat. 

 Inst. Agr. [Rome], Internat. Rev. Sci. and Pract. Agr., 7 (1916), No. 5, pp. 646, 

 61f7). — The problems encountered in finding suitable grasses to bind the shifting 

 sands of southern Italy are reviewed, and Saccharum spontaneum described in 

 detail and its value for this purpose discussed at some length. Cynodon dacty- 

 lon is mentioned as being of value in this region, together with several other 

 less common grasses. 



Permanent pastures on lowland moors, W. Fkeckmann (Mitt. Ver. Ford. 

 Moorkultur Dent. Reiche, 34 (1916), Nos. 1, pp. 7-11; 2, pp. 24-32). — This is a 

 general discussion of the management of permanent pastures on low-lying 

 moor lauds. The division of the pasture into separate units, thus allomng 

 alternate grazing, is recommended and the recommendation supported by ex- 

 perimental data. 



A comparison of results obtained from pasturing young stock continuously 

 on the same pasture, and alternating the pasture as indicated above, showed 

 an increase of 80.78 marks per hectare (about $7.79 per acre) in favor of the 

 latter method. Other arguments advanced in favor of this system are that 

 the forage in the pasture is more fully utilized, the vigor of the animals is in- 

 creased, the care of the pasture is made easier through a better distribution 

 of the manure and the use of the roller after the animals are removed, and the 

 alternate removal of the crop of the permanent pasture, as secured by this sys- 

 tem, has (with not too frequent repetition) a favorable influence on the pasture 

 flora. 



