372 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD, [Vol. 37 



cessive envelopes, it does not seem probable that the failure of the duct to form 

 envelopes around the returning egg is due to exhaustion of the glands. . . . 



" The double egg results from a modification of the normal processes of egg 

 formation due chiefly to a reversal in the direction of the egg after it has 

 received its membrane or its membrane and shell. This backward movement 

 must cease before the egg is expelled from the funnel mouth, and the move- 

 ment in the normal direction must be resumed. If the backward movement 

 sets in before the egg receives its membrane but stops before it is expelled from 

 the funnel mouth and if the normal direction is then resumed, the result will be 

 a normal egg with a large percentage of albumin or, in case the returned egg 

 meets its successor, a double-yolked egg." 



A double egg is deemed to be the result " of a combination of normal and 

 abnormal processes which, when combined in other proportions, result in other 

 abnormal phenomena of egg production." 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



Report of the special milk board of the Massachusetts State Departm.ent 

 of Health {Boston: State, 1916. pp. S58, pi. 1, figs. 7). — This is the report of 

 the special board of the State health department appointed in 191.5 to investi- 

 gate the status of milk production, distribution, and Inspection, and the rela- 

 tion thereof to the health of the State. The report deals with the history and 

 development of the present milk controversy in the State, together with sum- 

 maries of proposed laws and present State laws relating to milk ; statements 

 from various persons and interests concerned in the milk question ; data 

 on the production, processing, and marketing of milk ; the present official con- 

 trol of the milk supply of the State; the relation between cow's milk and 

 public health; the grading of milk; and experiences of other localities. Ap- 

 pendixes give forms of and replies to various questionnaires and letters used In 

 collecting data for the report, an abstract of milk-borne epidemics in the State 

 during the past decade, effect of pasteurization on the chemical content of 

 milk, statin of local milk inspection, statistics of milk transportation into 

 Boston, etc. 



The feeding of dairy cows on past\ire, R. A. Be3ibt {West of Scot. Agr. Col. 

 Bui. 76 (1916), pp. 15-48). — This Is a detailetl report of experiments conducted 

 during 1912-1914 at several centers in the West of Scotland, the object of which 

 was to ascertain the advantage or disadvantage of supplying extra feed to 

 cows during the grazing season. In the experiments proper 224 cows were em- 

 ployed. In each test two lots, generally of 8 cows each, were pastured for three 

 months from the middle of July. In addition one of the lots In each test was 

 fed 2 lbs. per head dally for the first month and 4 lbs. during the second and 

 third months of a mixture of decorticated cottonseed cake and soy bean cake. 



Averaging the results secured during the three years it was found that the 

 milk production of the lot fed concentrates was Increased 1.9 per cent during 

 the first month, 2.8 during the second month, and 4 per cent during the third 

 month over that of the other lot. The average rise in the percentage of fat 

 during the course of the experiment was more pronounced for the cows fed 

 grass only than for those on concentrates. Apparently this was due to the 

 action of the extra feeding in prolonging the lactation period. Valuing milk 

 at 8d. per gallon the increa.se per cow due to feeding concentrates was lis. 

 9d,, and the cost of extra feed consumed per cow was £1 Is. lOd., ihaking a 

 deficit of 10s. per cow, of which 7s. 4d. is credited for the residual manurial 

 value of the cakes. 



