1917] 



BUBAL ECONOMICS. 



391 



liua, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and 

 Arkansas are as follows : 



Relative use of variotis methods of marketing live stock in the nine South- 

 eastern States. 



Kind of live stock. 



Sold to 



local 

 butchers, 

 on foot. 



Sold as 



fami- 



dros.sed 



carcasses. 



Sold to 

 local 



dealer- 

 shippers 

 for snip- 

 ment to 

 market. 



Shipped 

 by owners 

 in car lots 



Miscel- 

 laneous. 



Cattle. 

 Calves 

 Sheep. 

 Hogs.. 



Per cent. 

 38 

 50 

 43 

 54 



Per cent. 

 9 

 6 

 12 

 16 



Per cent. 

 36 

 35 

 30 

 17 



Per cent. 



7 



Per cent. 

 10 



9 

 15 



6 



The author describes the various marketing systems that are being used In 

 the South, such as the local marketing of stock on foot, cooperative live-stock 

 shipping associations, Tenne.ssee lamb and wool marketing clubs, the cattle-sales 

 system of South Carolina, the marketing of farm-cured meats, the establishment 

 of ice plants to facilitate the storing and marketing of meats, and the public 

 abattoir. He points out that the farmer should study the requirements of the 

 market in order that he may make his offerings in the best form. 



Report of the superintendent of the territorial marketing division to the 

 governor of the Territory of Hawaii, for the period ending December 31, 

 1916, A. T. LoNGLEY (Honolulu: Mercantile Printing Co., Ltd., 1911, pp. 15). — 

 The author reports the amount of business done by the Hawaii Marketing 

 Division and new work undertaken during the year, and makes recommendations 

 for the expansion of the marketing equipment. 



Market distribution of poultry products, E. W. Benjamin {N. Y, Dept. 

 Agr. Bui. 86 (1916), pp. 2S80-2386) .—The author outlines methods that may be 

 used in organizing farmers for the sale of their poultry, as gained from his ex- 

 perience with the Poultry Producers Association of Ithaca, N. Y. 



Marketing, B. Adams (N. Y. Dept. Agr. Bui. 86 (1916), pp. 2311-2320).— 

 The author believes that marketing of farm products could be carried on to bet- 

 ter advantage by a thorough understanding of the consumer's desires, the stand- 

 ardization of the products, and better organization at the producer's end. 



Marketing and farm credits (Nat. Conf. Marketing and Farm Credits, 4 

 (1916), pp. XII +546). —This is the report of the fourth National Conference 

 on Marketing and Farm Credits, held at Chicago, December 4-9, 1916. It con- 

 tains papers on the subjects of the Federal Farm Loan Act and personal credit 

 land settlement and immigration, marketing of live stock, marketing of grain 

 and cheese, and the organization of agriculture. 



Suggestions from America for cooperative selling, A. W. Ashby (Jour. Bd. 

 Agr. [London], 22 (1915), No. 3, pp. 201-210. pi. 1, figs. 2).— The author di.s- 

 cusses the marketing organizations, and packing, marking, use of brand, and 

 advertising as practiced by the various agricultural organizations in the United 

 States. 



The organization and management of a farmers* mutual fire insurance 

 company, V. N. Valgren (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 530 (1917), pp. 34, fig. 2).— 

 The author discusses the ideal purpose of such a company, the business territory, 

 the membership and voters' privileges, the officers, methods of conducting the 

 inspection, the form and terms of policy, the liability of the company and of 



