1917] ENTOMOLOGY. 261 



In tests made of 1 to 5 per cent emulsions It was found that the 8 and 

 5 per cent emulsions killed all flies that were thoroughly wetted. The 3 per 

 cent emulsion was the most effective minimum strength, its protection being 

 fully effective for one day, and there was considerable protection afforded for 

 two and even three days. The cost of spraying was less than 0.5 ct. per cow 

 per application. 



The radish maggot and screening, P. J. Pakrott {Jour. Econ. Ent., 10 

 (1917), No. 1, pp. 79-81). — Experiments carried on at the New York State 

 Station for the past three years show that, as with the seedlings of late cabbage 

 (E. S. R., 35, p. S55), satisfactory results may be obtained from screening beds 

 for the protection of radishes. Cheesecloth when properly attached affords 

 complete protection from root maggots and according to the fineness of the 

 mesh reduces to a more or less extent injuries by the flea-beetle, both of which 

 pests when abundant may destroy as well as retard growth. 



A chemical feeding analysis of white grubs and May beetles (Lachno- 

 sterna) and its economic application, J. J. Davis {Jour. Econ. Ent., 10 {1917), 

 No. 1, pp. Jtl-JfJf). — The advantages of pasturing hogs on grub-infested land 

 are summarized as "eradication of grubs which might otherwise destroy the 

 CTops planted on the ground ; value of the grubs as hog feed, which is compar- 

 able with feeds costing .$25 to $35 per ton; and value of the manure distributed 

 over the land, which has a money value, according to the experts of the Federal 

 Bureau of Animal Industry, of $3.29 per ton." 



The spinach carrion beetle (Silpha bituberosa), R. A. Cooley {Jour. Econ. 

 Ent., 10 {1917), No. 1, pp. 9^-102, pi. i).— This little-known pest has at times 

 been very abundant and injurious to sugar beets in the Yellowstone Valley 

 of Montana. 



The injuries by both the larvre and adults take place mainly early in May, 

 while the plants are still very small and before the work of blocking and 

 thinning has been done. In Montana it is a source of injury to the sugar beet 

 only, but has been reported by Fletcher (E. S. R., 10, p. 86G) as also injuring 

 spihach, squash, pumpkin, etc. Both adults and larvse have been found to feed 

 upon Monolepis nuttalliana and Solanttm triflorum, and the adults only on 

 alfalfa. It occurs from northern Kansas northward to Alberta and Saskatche- 

 wan, but does not appear west of the main divide of the Rocky Mountains 

 except in the State of Idaho. 



At Bozeman, Mont., there is but one brood per year, and the winter is passed 

 by the adults buried in the soil. The eggs are laid, preferably in moist soil, 

 as deep as 2 in., oviposition occurring as eai'ly as March 15 and the number 

 laid by an individual in confinement running as high as 75, with an average of 

 39. The incubation period was found to vary from 3 to 6, with an average of 

 4.76 days, and the larval period from 20 to 33 days. The larvfe prefer to 

 feed during the night and remain in hiding in the soil during the day. Both 

 the adults and larvse feed from the edges of the leaves and injured plants 

 present a diaracteristic appearance. When full grown the larva? burrow into 

 the soil to a depth of from 1 to 2 in. and construct an oval cell in which to 

 pupate. The period in the soil is about 25 days and the pupal period about 

 18 days. 



In control work, poisoned-bran mash, prepared by the usual formula, scattered 

 among the weeds near the beet fields where the insects were present in great 

 numbers resulted in nearly complete destruction of them. 



The striped cucumber beetle, H. A. Gossaed {Mo. Bui. Ohio Sta., 2 {1917), 

 No. 4, pp. 117-120, fig. i).— A popular summary of information on this pest. 



Egg-laying habits of Diprion simile, M. P. Zappe {Jour. Econ. Ent., 10 

 {1917), No. 1, pp. 188-190). — The author reports upon oviposition observations 



