19171 FOODS HUMAN NUTRITION. 263 



The results of apiary inspection, E. P. Phujlips (Jour. Econ. Ent., 10 

 (1917), No. 1, pp. 20Jf-210). — A discussion of results obtained from the inspec- 

 tion of apiaries since the first inspection law was passed by Wisconsin in 1897. 



Some new and practical methods for the control of European foul brood, 

 E. G. Carr (Jour. Econ. Ent., 10 (1917), No. 1, pp. 197-200).— A strong colony, 

 cessation of brood rearing in the diseased combs for a time, and good Italian 

 stock are the three principles involved in the treatment of European foul brood 

 without destroying the combs. 



Report on Isosoma investigations, W. J. Phillips (Jour. Econ. Ent., 10 

 (1917), No. 1, pp. 139-146, pis. 2).— This Is a review of the present status of 

 Isosoma work as conducted by the Cereal and Forage Insect Investigations 

 division of the Bureau of Eutomolgy of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 



It is stated that the injury caused by Isosoma vagi7iicolum, described by 

 Doane in a paper previously noted (E. S. R., 36, p. 59), agrees entirely with that 

 noted in the Eastern States, and apparently is due to the same species. Up to 

 the present time no species has been induced to breed on any other plant than 

 its own particular host. One of the most promising measures in the control of 

 I. tritici at present in some of the Eastern States is to plow under wheat stubble 

 as soon after harvest as is possible, prepare a fine seed bed, and sow the clover 

 and grass in August or September instead of seeding in the wheat in the spring. 



FOODS— HUMAN NUTRITION. 



Biology and the nation's food, W. J. Spillman (Sci. Mo., 4 (1917), No. S, 

 pp. 220-225). — In this paper the author discusses certain biological problems, 

 such as increasing the acre yield of crops and increasing the production of live- 

 stock, in their relation to the future food supply. 



Bread of the future and measures taken for its utilization, Schribaux 

 (Compt. Rend. Acad. Agr. France, 3 (1917), No. 14, PP- 407-409) .--Data are 

 reported regarding the use of barley, buckwheat, and corn in supplementing the 

 wheat supply. 



It has been found possible to make a satisfactory bread by mixing 80 per cent 

 of wheat flour and 20 per cent of barley flour. On the contrary, the mixture of 

 buckwheat flour with that of wheat makes a dough of poor consistency on 

 account of the decreased quantity of gluten, and fermentation is slow and 

 irregular. The baking in this case must be done at a lower temperature than 

 when wheat alone is used, if a hard, crusty bread is to be avoided. The propor- 

 tion of barley used may be as high as 30 per cent, but not more than 20 per cent 

 of buckwheat can be used with good results. 



On the rations of bread in the army (Compt. Rend. Acad. Agr. France, 3 

 (1917), No. 12, pp. 352, 353). — It is maintained that there is a large amount of 

 waste in the bread supply of the French Army. This is due to the soiling of 

 the bread in transportation and handling and to the fact that the hard-baked 

 bread or biscuit is often wasted by soldiers who have bad teeth. 



Some common edible and poisonous mushrooms. Flora W. Patterson and 

 Vera K. Charles (U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 796 (1917), pp. 24, figs. 23).— 

 This contains information regarding the structure of mushrooms and gives de- 

 scriptions of different mushrooms and miscellaneous fungi. Precautionary 

 measures in the selection of mushrooms for food and recipes for the canning 

 and drying of mushrooms and their preparation for the table are included. 



Concerning copper in tomatoes, P. Carles (Rev. Sci. [Paris], 55 (1917), 

 No. 6, p. 183). — According to the author, copper has been found in fresh 

 tomatoes and in other fresh vegetables, but not in sufficient quantity to endanger 

 health. 



