1917] DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 273 



The maximum figures obtained were Reichert-Meissl value 37, Polenske 

 value 2.8, saponification value 235, HQbl's iodin value 39.7, and butyro-refrac- 

 tometer reading at 40° C. 44. The corresponding minimum figures were 24.5, 1, 

 218, 23, and 40.4, and the average, 31.2, 1.5, 229, 31.4, and 42.5, re.spectively. 



Variations in the composition of human milk during the first eleven days 

 after parturition, F. S. Hammett (J(rur. Biol. Chem., 29 {1911), No. 2, pp. 

 381-390). — A study is reported of variations observed in the chemical compo- 

 sition of human milk during the first 11 days after parturition. The milk 

 production of eight women was studied. 



There was an increase in the amount of fat and lactose during the period, 

 while there was a falling off in the production of protein. It is stated that 

 the protein mechanism is apparently the be.st regulated, and is less dependent 

 upon the factors controlling the fat and lactose production than they are on 

 each other. For the single constituents there was found to be a production 

 plane uniform for the individual subject. This plane of production is apparently 

 fixed for the individual, Independent of the plane of nutrition, and dependent 

 upon the individuality. An increase or decrease in the lactose production was 

 usually accompanied by a change in the opposite direction in the percentage of 

 fat and protein. 



A bibliography is included. 



A new defect in milk caused by Bacterium lactis aerogenes, M. Duggeli 

 {Ztschr. Gdrungsphysiol., 5 (1916), No. 5, pp. 321-340; abs. in Internat. Inst. 

 Agr. [Rome], Internat. Rev. Set. and Pract. A(^., 7 {1916), No. 9, pp. 1363, 

 1364). — Attempts were made to discover the cause of a bitter taste and typical 

 rancid smell in bottled milk produced under sanitary conditions in a herd of 

 36 cows. No bitter substance could be discovered in the milk, but it was found 

 that the defect was due to one cow with a diseased udder. A bacterium 

 belonging to the group B. lactis aerogenes, and thought to be the cause of the 

 defect in question, was isolated from specimens of the mixed milk. This 

 bacterium gave rise to an abnormal smell and taste, possessed the property of 

 making glucose bouillon very ropy, and prevented the coagulation of milk in 

 the presence of B. giintheri. It lost the characteristic taste and smell when 

 cultivated on lactose agar, but these reappeared in part when the organism was 

 cultivated in a suitable medium. 



An epidemic of septic sore throat due to milk, E. C. Rosenow and C. L. V. 

 Hess {Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 68 {1917), No. 18, pp. 1305-1307, fig. i).— An 

 account is given of an outbreak of severe sore throat in Galesville, Wis., in- 

 volving about 200 persons, the cause of which was traced to three cows on one 

 farm, affected with mastitis. 



Septic sore throat, G. W. Henika and I. F. Thompson {Jour. Amer. Med. 

 Assoc, 68 {1917), No. 18, pp. 1307-1309, fig. i).— This is an epidemiologic study 

 of the milk-born epidemic noted above. 



Spring conditions affecting the cream producer, H. A. Ruehe {Illinois 

 Sta. Circ 195 {1917), pp. 4, fig- i)- — Suggestions are given for overcoming some 

 of the more common troubles that affect the production of high-grade cream 

 under spring conditions. 



Manufacture and composition of Bulgarian cheeses, A. S. Zlataroff 

 {Ztschr. Untersuch. Nahr. u. Genussmtl., 31 {1916), No. 12, pp. 387-394; abs. in 

 Internat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Internat. Rev. Set. and Pract. Agr., 7 {1916), No. 9, 

 pp. 1364-1367). — A description is given of Bulgarian and Kaschkawal cheeses, 

 which, it is stated, make up the bulk of the total output of cheese in Bulgaria. 

 Information is included on the importance of cheese making in Bulgaria. 



Rennet substitutes {N. Y. Produce Rev. and Amer. Cream., 43 {1917), No. 

 22, pp. 906, 908, 909). — ^A brief symposium is given on the use of rennet sub- 



