380 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol. 37 



The reactions could be induced by crushing and returning an extract of an 

 animal's own larvae into the jugular vein, showing that larvae living in the 

 animals make them receptive. 



Natural cases of anaphylaxis were observed where injury had ruptured the 

 larvae subcutaneously, liberating the contents in sufficient quantity to produce 

 shock. Immunity lasting for varying periods was observed in animals which 

 recovered from the reaction. Eye and other local reactions were obtained 

 with extracts of the larvae applied to the mucous membranes. The reaction 

 was specific in cattle for extracts of Hypoderma, and in a horse for Gas- 

 trophilus. 



The symptoms produced were those previously noted (E. S. R., 36, p. 478), 

 which work is also included in this paper. 



The etiology of bradsot or braxy, C. O. Jensen (Ztschr. Infektionskrank. u. 

 Hyg. Haustiere, 17 (1915), No. 1-2, pp. 1-18, pis. 4; abs. in Jour. Compar. Path, 

 and Ther., 29 (1916), No. 2, pp. 179-181). — After reviewing recent literature 

 relating to the etiology of bradsot, the author reports upon the results of inves- 

 tigations, including the details of ten cases, conducted with a view to demon- 

 strating that the so-called bacillus of braxy is more than an agonal invader. 



In all cases the typical lesions of braxy were present in the fourth stomach, 

 and the braxy bacillus was demon.strated in pure culture in the altered parts of 

 the raucous membrane and in the infiltrated submucous tissue. Since the 

 pathological changes in the abomasura are characteristic of a primary infec- 

 tion which clo.sely resembles malignant edema, and the bacilli which occur in 

 the wall of the abomasum and later in the blood when Inoculated into sheep 

 produce characteristic lesions which closely resemble those observed in malig- 

 nant edema, there can be no rea.sonable doubt as to the causal connection of the 

 bacillus with bradsot. 



On a tick-borne gastroenteritis of sheep and goats occurring in British 

 East Africa, E. Montgomery (.Jour. Compar. Path, and Ther., SO (1917), No. 1, 

 pp. 28-57, figs. 6). — Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis of sheep and goats appears to 

 be epizootic in British East Africa, principally in the Klkuyu region. Grade 

 and pure-bred sheep are more resistant than native sheep, in which the mor- 

 tality is about 70 per cent of those attacked. 



The disease is carried by the brown tick ( Rhipicephaltis apperidiculatus) and 

 possibly by other ticks. Ticks which as nymphs have fed upon affected sheep 

 convey the Infection after arriving at the adult .stage. It is po.^sible that the 

 larvae from adults which have fed on sick animals may also transmit the 

 disease. 



No success has yet been obtained from different methods of preventive 

 inoculation, the most favorable measure appearing to be that of attenuating 

 the virulence of the disease for sheep by passing the virus for several genera- 

 tions through the more resistant goat. The eradication of ticks capable of 

 carrying the disease forms the basis of preventive measures. 



Morphology of normal pigs' blood, C. C. Palmer (U. S. Dept. Agr., .Jour. 

 Agr. Research, 9 (1917), No. 5, pp. ISl-UO).— The author at the Minnesota Ex- 

 periment Station reports the examination of the blood of 25 normal pigs be- 

 tween the ages of 2 and 42 days. The average number of erythrocytes was 

 3,855,000 per cubic millimeter, and 13,500 leucocytes per cubic millimeter. The 

 average clotting time was 64 seconds, specific gravity 1.024, and hemoglobin 

 percentage 56.8. The differential count of the leucocytes yielded the following 

 percentages: Lymphocytes, 63.25; polymorphs, 32.14; mononuclears, 2.63; 

 eosinophils, 1.28; and mast cells, 0.24. 



