19171 DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 575 



milk and 468 lbs. of fat, and produced a profit of $95.38 from $86.26 worth of 

 feed and pasture. 



Cost of milk production (Mo. Bui. Ohio Sta., 2 (1917), No. 6, pp. 193-197).— 

 A brief review is given of the work done by the station since 1907 in assisting 

 dairy farmers of the State in keeping production records of their cows and in 

 computing profits and losses. Complete and dependable cost data giving yearly 

 records of from one to five years for a number of herds are briefly summarized. 

 These indicate that for the period covered there was an average loss of $1.95 per 

 head for veal calves sold on the 26 farms on which one or more veal calves 

 were sold annually. In 30 herds the average loss in raising heifer calves to 

 one year of age was $6.90 per calf, and the calves were raised at a profit in only 

 5 of these herds. The average total cost of raising calves was $32.32 to one 

 year of age and $67.22 to two years of age. In 22 of the herds there was a 

 loss of $10.94 per head on heifers grown from one or two years of age and in 

 eight herds there was a gain of $1 per head. 



Data extending from 1910 to 1916, inclusive, and covering 76 yearly herd 

 records from 31 herds indicate that the labor cost per cow annually, at 15 cts. 

 per hour for man labor and 8.2 cts. per hour for horse labor, was $26.55. The 

 feed cost per cow annually ranged from $35.33 to $85.12, with an average of 

 $52.86. The total cost per cow ranged from $73 to $147 per year, with an 

 average of $102 per year. The herd average of annual milk production ranged 

 from 4,329 to 9.400 lbs. per cow, with an average of 5,868 lbs. The cost per 

 100 lbs. of milk, including loss on young stock, ranged in the various herds from 

 about $1.50 to more than $3, and the average was approximately $1.90. The 

 average cost per 100 lbs. of milk, less the loss on young stock, was about $1.56. 



Standard calf rearing chart (Irish Homestead, 24 (1917), No. 31, pp. 590, 

 591). — This chart shows the average weights, condition of teeth, and methods 

 of feeding normal dairy calves by weeks to the age of 24 weeks. Brief direc- 

 tions are given for tlie use of the chart. 



Goat's milk for infant feeding, W. H. Jordan and G. A. Smith (New York 

 State Sta. Bui. 1,29 (1917), pp. 3-12, pis. 2).— Data are given on the amount of 

 feed consumed and the quantity and composition of milk produced during the 

 years 1910 to 1912. inclusive, by a herd of milch goats at the station. The flock 

 consisted of some very good animals, including one pure-bred Saanen and sev- 

 eral pure-bred Toggenbergs. The number of animals of which complete records 

 were kept varied from 10 to 26. During 1912, 31 adults and 9 partially grown 

 animals consumed $441.95 worth of feed. The average cost per month per goat 

 varied from 79.1 cts. to $1, and per goat per year was $11.05. The yearly pro- 

 duction of milk, including some animals in the first period of lactation, varied 

 from 301.7 to 1,845.2 lbs. The average yearly yield for 10 animals of which 

 records were kept during three years, including 28 lactation periods, was 800.4 

 lbs. The feed cost of the milk per goat for all the goats during the year 1912 

 was 4 cts. per quart and for the three years during which the record was kept, 

 3.4 cts. The lowest cost was with the Saanen goat for the year 1911, which was 

 estimated to be 1.27 cts. per quart. 



The range of composition of the mixed milk of the whole flock as determined 

 during May and June of the year 1912 was as follows : Solids, from 11.4 to 11.9 

 per cent ; solids-not-fat, from 7.72 to 8.61 per cent ; fat, from 3.5 to 3.8 per cent. 

 The composition of milk from individual goats was found to vary in total solids 

 from 9.22 to 18.55 per cent ; in protein, from 2.24 to 4.96 per cent ; in casein, 

 from 1.56 to 4.6 per cent ; in fat, from 1.08 to 8.4 per cent ; and in ash, from 0.43 

 to 0.8 per cent. 



A chemical study of the milk has already been noted (E. S. R., 34, p. 708). 



