t 



1917] RURAL ENGINEERING. 483 



mation relative to this parasite, I lie disease which it causes, and remedial 

 measures. 



" Piroplasmosis," " equine malaria," R. A. Stoute {Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. 

 Assoc, 51 {1911), No. 2, p. 239). — The author records the occurrence of this 

 affection in Barbados in a 10-year-old mare imported from St. Croix. 



Parasites of the dog in Michigan, M. C. Hall {Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. 

 Assoc, 51 {1917), No. 3, pp. 383-396). — This is a summary of information based 

 upon personal investigations and a review of the literature. 



Trichina spiralis in the polar bear, H. Fox {Ann. Rpt. Zool. Soc Phil a., Jf5 

 {1917), p. 38). — The author records the discovery of encysted forms of trichina 

 in almost unbelievable numbers, made at post-mortem examination of a polar 

 bear which succumbed to disease at the Philadelphia Zoological Garden. 



Mortality statistics of the fifth national egg-laying contest, Missouri, 

 G. D. HoRTON {Jour. Amer. Assoc In-str. and Invest. Poultry Husb., 3 {1917), 

 No. 9, pp. 70, 71). — It is concluded from the data here presented that at least 

 80 per cent of all sick or out-of-condition fowls, if treated in time, may be cured 

 readily and at small cost. 



A study of the fermenting properties of Bacterium pullorum and B. san- 

 guinarium, S. A. Goldbekg {Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, 51 {1917), No. 2, 

 pp. 203-210). — The author's investigations "show that the principal differences 

 in the strains of B. pullorum and B. sanguinarium studied lie in the fact that 

 B. pullorum produces gas in various carbohydrates while B. sanguinarium lacks 

 this power in any of the carbohydrates used. This difference appears to be 

 constant. Judging from the present classification of species of bacteria this 

 difference in gas production as well as their different actions on milk, maltose, 

 dulcite, dextrin, and isodulcite seem to indicate that these two organisms are 

 two distinct species of bacteria." 



Is Leucocytozoon anatis the cause of a new disease in ducks? A. B. 

 WicKWABE {Jour. Amer. Assoc Instr. and Invest. Poultry Hush., 3 {1917), No. 

 9, pp. 67, 68).— Noted from another source (E. S. R., 36, p. 275). 



RTJSAL ENGUTEERING. 



Irrigation of rice in California, R. D. Robeetson {California Sta. Bui. 279 

 {1917), pp. 253-270, figs. 7). — This report, based on work done during 1913 to 

 1916 in cooperation with the Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering 

 and the Bureau of Plant Industry of the U. S. Department of Agriculture 

 and the California State Department of Engineering and State Water Com- 

 mission, describes the irrigation of rice in California, principally in the Sacra- 

 mento Valley. 



" Approximately 67,000 acres of rice were irrigated in California in 1916, 

 the water supply being obtained principally from Sacramento and Feather 

 Rivers. Only about 3,700 acres were irrigated by pumping from wells. 



" Land is prepared for irrigation in contour checks, preparation consisting 

 mainly in making ditches and levees and installing gates. The gates must 

 be wide enough to admit the large heads of water used in the initial floodings. 

 The irrigation season consists of two periods. Frequent light irrigations with 

 relatively large heads of water are given to germinate the seed and to maintain 

 growth until the plant is 4 to 6 in. high, and thereafter the land is continually 

 submerged to a depth of 6 to S in. until the rice is matured. 



"Measurements of the use of water in 1916 on 18 typical fields in Sacra- 

 mento Valley showed a range of from 4.27 to 14.83 acre-feet per acre, an 

 average depth applied of 8.23 ft., and an average of 47 acres served per cubic 



