578 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.37 



form of infectious jaundice. Cultures of tlie American, Belgian, and Japanese 

 strains of the spirochete were obtained by special technique described, the first 

 two strains having been cultivated artificially for the first time. Animal.s 

 actively immunized against the Japanese strain resist inoculation, not only of 

 the same strain, but also of the Belgian and American strains. The Belgian 

 strain produces immunity equally effective against all three strains. Experi- 

 ments to ascertain whether the immunity afforded by the American strain also 

 protects against the Japanese and Belgian strains are in progress. These 

 findings warrant the conclusion that the spirochetes designated here as the 

 Japanese, Belgian, and American strains are probably identical. 



" On account of its distinctive features a new genus, Leptospira, has been 

 suggested as the designation of this organism." 



The effects of radiation on the development of Trichinella spiralis, with 

 respect to its application to the treatment of other parasitic diseases, E. E. 

 Tyzzee and J. A. Honeij (Jour. Parasitology, S (1916), Xo. 2, pp. 43-56, pi. 1). — 

 " By radium radiation from the surface of the abdomen of the rat the injury 

 of fully developed T. spiralis has not been accomplished. These worms ap- 

 peared well developed and persisted longer than in controls. Similar treat- 

 ment from the second day after the ingestion of cysts has apparently resulted 

 in a retardation of development, 30 per cent of the females being immature. 

 In a rat radiated in this manner from the time it was fed trichlnous meat, only 

 two immature worms were found seven days later, indicating that radiation 

 of the larvse before they have entered upon their period of development free in 

 the intestine is fatal to them. . . . 



" Observation.s on the life history of T. spiralis made in the course of these 

 experiments indicate that certain points emphasized in books of reference do 

 not apply to the development of this parasite in rats and mice. T. spiralis is 

 found only in small iu]ml)ers in the duodenum and jejunum of rats and mice 

 which show great numbers in the lower portion of the small intestine. It is 

 also occasionally found in the cecum and large intestine. The life of this 

 parasite is comparatively short in the rat, and it is found to have disappeared 

 or is present only in small numbers 18 days after infection. No evidence has 

 been obtained that the males disappear early in the infection. A sex ratio of 

 one male to two females observed six and seven days after infection has shown 

 no marked change for the ten days following. A male Tricliiuella has been 

 found in a rat from which all females had disappeared." 



Oil of Chenopodium and chloroform, as anthelmintics. — Preliminary note, 

 M. C. Hall and W. D. Foster (Jour. Amcr. Med. Assoc, 68 (1917), No. 26, pp. 

 1961-1963). — The authors' experimental findings indicate that oil of Cheno- 

 podium should be accompanied by large doses of castor oil, and that when so 

 given it is an uncommonly effective and quite safe anthelmintic for use against 

 ascarids. Chloroform in castor oil, in therapeutic doses, is the most effective 

 anthelmintic that they have found for use against hookworms, and they con- 

 sider it as safe as thymol or any other effective drug for use against hookworm 

 disease. 



Anaphylatoxin and anaphylaxis (Jour. Infect. Diseases, 20 (1911), Nos. 5, 

 pp. 499-656; 6, pp. 657-854. figs. 19). — Ten studies are here reported. 



I. Trypanosome anaphylatoxin, F. G. Novy, P. H. DeKruif, and R. L. Novy 

 (pp. 499-535). — In the course of a study on immunity against the trypanosomes 

 of surra and nagaua it was found that severe toxic effects with marked hypo- 

 thermia often followed the injection of autolyzed suspensions of the organisms. 

 Reinjection usually resulted fatally. 



This phenomenon was further studied and anaphylatoxin found to be pro- 

 duced by the trypanosomes of surra (Trypanosoma evansi), caderas (T. 



