1917] DAIRY FAEMING DAIRYING. 683 



costs were $99.33 and $98.88, while the calves fed no bran gained an average of 

 54.8 lbs. more per head. At Pender the same feeds were also compared as 

 supplements for scant pasture for dairy heifers during the spring and summer. 

 During the three summers this experiment has been running the calves fed 

 cottonseed meal have made the better gains, but this ration was somewhat the 

 more expensive. 



Data on the cost of raising 22 calves at Pender show that when these calves 

 were 6, 12, and 18 months old they averaged per head 264, 373, and 478 lbs. 

 in weight, respectively, at total costs of $13.57, $26.12, and $34.30. Four of the 

 calves which attained the age of 30 months averaged 646 lbs. in weight at a total 

 cost of $52.06. These figures include market prices for feeds and $1 per month 

 each for pasture, no credit being made for manure. Cooperative experiments 

 with farmers in Guilford and Forsyth Counties show a cost of $31.58 to raise a 

 dairy calf to the age of 12 months. 



A study is being made at Pender relative to the feasibility of overcoming 

 onion flavors in milk. In one case a strong onion flavor was found in the milk 

 of a cow milked 19 hours after the onions had been eaten. It has been found 

 that molasses fed in conjunction with other feeds materially weakens the onion 

 flavor, but does not remove it completely. Other remedies being tried are char- 

 coal, soda, mixtures of charcoal, soda and molasses, and patent preparations. 

 These have been without effect, except that one of the patent preparations has 

 caused some weakening of the onion flavor. 



[Feeding experiments with dairy cattle], J. M. Scott (Florida Sta. Rpt. 

 1916, pp. 18-23). — In a comparison of sorghum silage and Japanese cane silage 

 as supplements for wheat bran and cottonseed meal for dairy cows, ten cows 

 were fed during four periods of 16 days each with four days between experi- 

 mental periods for changing feeds. The cows were fed in lots of five by the 

 reversal system. Those on sorghum silage produced 539.72 gal. of milk at a 

 feed cost of 12.1 cts. per gallon and those on Japanese cane silage 509.74 gal. of 

 milk at a feed cost ef 12.8 cts. per gallon. In this experiment the silage was 

 valued at $4 per ton. All the cows gained slightly in weight during the test, 

 there being no difference between the two rations in maintaining the animal's 

 initial weight. 



A comparison was also made of sorghum silage and sweet-potato silage as 

 supplements for wheat bran and cottonseed meal. In this test ten cows were 

 fed by the reversal system during two periods of 20 days each with three days 

 for change of feeds. The five cows on sorghum silage produced 280.9 gal. of 

 milk at a feed cost of 14.8 cts. per gallon. The five cows fed sweet potato 

 silage produced 307.1 gal. of milk at a feed cost of 15.4 cts. per gallon. In this 

 experiment sorghum silage was valued at $4 and sweet-potato silage at $13 per 

 ton. Each of the cows gained in weight during the test. This work has shown 

 that it is practicable to preserve sweet potatoes in the silo for cattle feeding and 

 hog feeding pui'poses. 



During the winter of 1915-16 sorghum silage and Japanese cane silage were 

 compared for feeding young cattle. Grade Jersey heifers from 15 to 20 months 

 old were fed for 60 days all the silage they would eat and 1 lb. of cottonseed 

 meal each daily. The animals fed sorghum silage gained an average of 8.25 

 lbs. each during the 60 days, and those fed Japanese cane sUage barely main- 

 tained their weights. 



Feed and care of the dairy calf, R. S. Hulce and W. B, Nevens (Illinois 

 Sta. Circ. 202 (1917), pp. IS, figs. 6). — Methods of feeding and care are given 

 which have been found by experience to give good results in the rearing of 

 calves. 



