1917] HORTICULTURE. 647 



(1916-17), pp. 196-198). — The notes here given deal with the progress being 

 made in fruit-breeding investigations at Long Asliton, Bristol, experiments in 

 planting different aged plum trees and the influence of stock on fruit trees. 

 Thus far no definite conclusions have been drawn. 



Methods of handling basket fruits, E. Smith and J. M. Ceeelman {Canada 

 Dept. Agr., Dairy and Cold Storage Branch Bui. .52 (1911), pp. IS, figs. 10).— 

 The methods here described are based primarily on data obtained in the opera- 

 tion of the Dominion precooling and experimental fruit-storage warehouse at 

 Grimsby, Ont. 



A systematic study of Iowa apples, L. R. Haetill (Trans. lotoa Hort. Soc, 

 51 (1916), pp. 162-2Jf8). — A paper on this subject prepared for the Iowa State 

 College and State Horticultural Society, and comprising a descriptive list of the 

 more important varieties of apples grown in Iowa. A list of cited literature is 

 included. 



Fertilizer experiments on apple trees at Highmoor Parm, C. D. Woods 

 (Maine Sta. Bui. 260 (1917), pp. 99-102). — A brief statement of progress made 

 on long-continued experiments being conducted by the station. 



Experiments to determine the value of highly nitrogenous fertilizers as a 

 means of forcing trees into bearing have thus far shown no differences that 

 could be attributed to the additional nitrogen in the fertilizer. Experiments 

 conducted since 1912 appear to confirm partially the results secured at the New 

 York State Station in which the use of fertilizers did not materially affect the 

 yield and growth of apple trees (E. S. R., 25, p. 643). In the present investiga- 

 tion no differences could be observed between the trees fully fertilized, those 

 partially fertilized, and those not fertilized at all during the past three years. 

 On the other hand, the limited data available relative to yield of these trees 

 indicate larger yields on the fertilized plats and a consistent increase with the 

 amount of fertilizer applied. The experiment is to be continued for a number 

 of years. 



Winter v. summer pruning of apple trees, O. C. Vincent (Idaho Sta. Bui. 

 98 (1917)' pp. 28, pis. 2, figs. 23).— This bulletin gives the results secured for a 

 period of 11 years in a comparative test of winter and summer pruning. The 

 four varieties included in the test were Jonathan, Rome, Grimes, and Wagener. 

 The winter-pruned trees received a moderate annual pruning during the dor- 

 mant season from the time the trees were planted in 1905 until the present 

 time. Similar pruning in the summer-pruned plat took place after the terminal 

 growth had stopped for the year. A complete record of the yields of each indi- 

 vidual tree in both plats is given from the time the trees commenced bearing 

 until the present time. Observations were also made on color and growth 

 performance. 



On the basis of the total production for the first seven crops summer pruning 

 has produced the greatest yield in all varieties. Color in the three red varieties 

 was intensified by summer pruning. As determined by both color and yield, 

 the crop value per acre under summer pruning as compared with winter prun- 

 ing shows an average gain of $52.33 for Jonathan, $53.64 for Rome, and $30.69 

 for Wagener. In some cases summer pruning has hastened the bearing of the 

 young trees. Summer pruning increased the average terminal growth somewhat 

 but tended to check the total wood growth slightly. The average diameter of 

 the tree trunks in the winter-pruned plat was somewhat larger. The experi- 

 ment as a' whole shows that thinning has a direct relation to pruning and crop 

 production. 



Field experiments in spraying apple orchards, B. S. Pickett et al. (Illinois 

 Sta. Bui. 185, abs. (1916), pp. 12. figs. 4).— A popular edition of Bulletin 185, 

 previously noted (E. S. R., 35, p. 39). 



