191G] VETERINARY MEDICINE. 79 



disease may continue to be infective for a variable period, tlie extent of which 

 has not yet been fully ascertained, but which is often of considerable duration. 

 There would appear to be cases in which healthy pigs which have not been 

 visibly affected by swine fever, and which, on post-mortem examination, show 

 no evidence of having suffered from swine fever, are infective and continue 

 to be so for a considerable time." 



In general it is concluded that " the continued prevalence of swine fever ap- 

 pears to be due principally to its highly contagious character and the difficulty 

 of its x-ecognition by the pig owner in its early stages and in its milder forms. 

 To these causes must be added the difficulty of tracing the place of origin and 

 the movement of pigs by which the disease has been spread. The extirpation of 

 the disease is practicable only by such drastic measures of slaughter as would 

 involve a prohibitive outlay, and by such severe restrictions on movement as 

 would be fafai to the industry of pig keeping. Present circumstances, there- 

 fore, do not encourage the view that the extirpation of swine fever can be 

 speedily accomplished or that such an objective should continue to be made 

 the governing idea of administrative policy. This conclusion, however, does 

 not exclude the possibility that new preventive methods may bring about a 

 condition of affairs more favorable to the prospect of eradicating the disease, 

 and the study of such methods is being actively pursued." 



Recommendations for the control of the disease are also submitted. See also 

 previous reports (E. S. R., 31, p. 884). 



A plerocercoid found in the pig, Ratz (Abs. in Vet. Rec, 27 {1915), No. 1304, 

 p. 4^iS). — The name Sparganum railUetti is given to a yellowish-white filiform 

 species which was found curled up on itself in the intermuscular connective 

 tissue of a pig. 



The occurrence and pathological importance of Strongyloides longus in 

 swine, L. Reisixger (Wiener Tierdrztl. Moiwtssclir., 2 (1915), No. 5, pp. 200- 

 239, pi. 1, fig. 1). — This nematode (S. longus) occurs in swine in Austria, where, 

 at times, it appears in extensive outbreaks, and it is also found in swine im- 

 ported from Germany and England. It is the source of a disease in shoats 

 characterized by anemia, emaciation, cutaneous eruption, diarrhea, and arrest 

 of development. The mortality fluctuates according to the degree of infesta- 

 tion between and 50 per cent. 



Swine tuberculosis and the possibility of its practical control, O. Bang 

 and E. Holm {Ber. K. Yet. og Landbohojskoles Lab. Landokonom. Forsog 

 [Copenhagen}, 88 (1915), pp. 5-63; ahs. in Iniernai. Inst. Agr. [Rome}, Mo. Bui. 

 Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases, 6 (1915), No. 7, pp. 959-961) .—From the results 

 of investigations to determine whether, under normal conditions, mammals can 

 be infected by fowl tubercle bacilli and, conversely, fowls by tlie bacilli of the 

 mammalian form of the disease, it is concluded that the bacillus of mam- 

 malian tuberculosis is the principal cause of the disease in swine, especially 

 in the severest forms of the disease, which are, in the majority of cases, due to 

 infection by cattle. About 90 per cent of the cases of local glandular tubercu- 

 losis are attributable to infection with the avian bacilli. Organic tuberculosis 

 is due mostly to infection with the mammalian bacilli. 



The results of a series of tests with tuberculin showed that a positive reaction 

 to tuberculin practically always means that the animal is infected when it is a 

 question of bovine tuberculosis, but the reaction gives no indication of the 

 extent of the disease. These results were obtained with tuberculin prepared 

 from the bacilli of .mammalian tuberculosis. Avian tuberculin, as far as the 

 disease caused by the bacilli of avian tuberculosis is concerned, possesses a 

 diagnostic value which is at least equal, and sometimes even superior, to that of 

 bovine tuberculin. 



