gg EXPEEIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.35 



de Santiago, WU, PP- 15-52, figs. i2).-This article points cut the importance 

 of good pliysicul and cliemical condition of soil to crop produ(;tion and describes 

 and illustrates a number of mechanical tillage outfits which arc adapted to 

 intensive agriculture. A bibliography is appended. 



A new spray nozzle, C. W. AVood\vokth (U. S. Dcpt. Agr., Jour. Agr. 

 Research, 5 {1916), No. 25, pp. 1117-1182, pis. 2, fig- -/•)— A new principle in 

 nozzle construction is described as developed at the California Experiment Sta- 

 tion whereby a flat spray can be produced with a uniform distribution of the 

 ^^•ater comparable to that of the hollow cone of spray from a cyclone nozzle. 

 " The principle finally discovered was that when two streams meet across half 

 their section the residting slieet of spray will be of practically uniform thick- 

 ness throughout, occupying a plane 45° from the plane of the streams and 

 finally breaking up into drops of great fineness and uniformity. ... A flat 

 spray is more easily directed and produces a more uniform distribution than 

 the cone of spray from a cyclone nozzle. Uniformly fine drops of spray aid in 

 securing uniformity of distribution. The new nozzle allows .some variation in 

 size of spray. It also may be made into a long or short distance nozzle. It can 

 be easily constructed by modifying existing nozzles and may be adjusted if it 

 becomes worn," 



Wire fencing', V/. Somekville (.lour. Bd. Agr. [London], 22 (1915), No. 8, 

 pp. 7.21-737, fig. 1). — A brief description of the methods and tools used in the 

 construction of wire fences inclosing stock pastures in England and Scotland 

 is given, together with statements of cost. 



Rural struictnres of wicker, CARriLLE Arnould {Vie Agr. ct Rurale, 5 {1915), 

 No. 1(1, pp. 292-29 'i, figs. 6). — The uses of wicker in the construction of fences, 

 shelters, buildings for stock, cottages, etc., and for river-bank protection against 

 erosion are described. 



RTTRAI ECONOMICS. 



Selected readings in rural economics, compiled by T. N. Cara'se {Boston 

 and London: Ginn cf- Co., 1916, pp. ¥111+97^, figs. It). — This book contains a 

 large number of selected articles, chosen with a view to making available to 

 the student of agricultural economics a mass of material which has been pub- 

 lished in widely different places and ti'eating of the general principles of rural 

 economics, the agricultural history of Europe and America, laud tenure, agri- 

 cultural labor, the farmer's business, agrarian movements in the United States, 

 rural organization and marketing, and agricultural policy. 



The articles included are as follows: The Influence of the Crops upon 

 r.usiness in America, by A. P. Andrew; The Influence of Farm Machinery on 

 I'roduction and Labor, by H. W. Quaintance; Crop Yields and Prices, and 

 Our Future Food Supply, Some Suggestions for City Persons who Desire to 

 Farm, and Some Important Factors for Success in General Farming and in 

 Dairy Farming, by G. F. Warren; Iowa and Bavaria Crop Yields per Acre 

 and per Man, by E. A. Goldenweiser ; Agi-iculture in the INIiddle Ages, by W. F. 

 Allen; Inclosures in Enghmd in the Sixteenth Century, by E. F. Gay; Yeoman 

 Farming in Oxfordshire from the Sixteenth Century to the Nineteenth, by 

 IT. L. Gray; The Decline of Landr)wning Farmers in England, by H. C. Taylor; 

 The Ei)oclis of German Agrarian History and Agrarian Policy, by O. J. Fuchs ; 

 ru,' l)isp<.siti(.n of Our Public Lands, by A. B. Hart; Southern Agriculture, 

 1.JM)-180(), by M. B. lliimmond; The Agricultural Development of the West 

 During tho Civil War, l»y E. D. Fite; Agricultural Development in the United 

 Slates. 1JMMV1010, by J. L. Coulter; The Movement of Wheat Growing— A Study 

 of a U'udiug State. Relation of Jobbers and Commission Men to the Handling 



