1916] DISEASES OF PLANTS. 153 



cankers. Of these the species of Phoraa alone was found to be notably active in 

 the disintegration of the tissues. This fungus is believed to be hitherto unde- 

 scribed and the name Fhoma socia n. sp. is given it. 



Some investigations are reported in which an attempt was made to determine 

 causes for the difference in susceptibility to citrus canker of Satsuma oranges 

 and grapefruit. As a result of these studies the author concludes that differ- 

 ence in susceptibility can not be accounted for on the basis of differences in the 

 total organic acids in the two plants. 



Attention is called to the failure of spray mixtures to control this disease, 

 the successful eradication of which seems to be possible only when the work 

 of destruction of trees is thoroughly done with the observation of proper 

 sanitai'y precautions. 



Panama disease of bananas (Jour. Jamaica Agr. Soc, 18 (1914), No. 12, p. 

 502; Queensland Agr. Jour., n. ser., 4 (1915), No. 1, pp. 41, 42). — Measures in- 

 sisted upon to prevent the general spread of Panama disease include a rigid 

 quarantine of infected areas and thorough disinfection of boots, tools, etc., 

 used in connection therewith ; complete destruction of diseased material ; and 

 fencing all infected areas with close-woven wire to prevent the passage of 

 animals. 



A disease of cinnamon, A. Shakples (Agr. Bui. Fed. Malay States, 3 (1915), 

 No. 9, p. 381 ) . — Individual cinnamon bushes growing in the experimental gardens 

 at Kuala Lumpur have been dying for some time. The trouble usually begins 

 with the death of a branch. The whole cortex is diseased, showing the presence 

 of a fungus, Pestalozzia pahnarum, the fruiting bodies of which are embedded 

 therein until its disintegration frees the spores. Potato agar cultures show 

 liyphaj in two days, and in four days the black fruiting bodies appear, showing 

 the typical spores. Attack by this fungus is localized and can usually be con- 

 trolled even when the trees are growing in unfavorable conditions. In Ceylon, 

 P. palmarum causes a gray blight by its attack on the leaves, which is not so 

 serious as the stem attack. 



The most effective means of protection is the removal of all diseased portions 

 before the spores are freed from the fruiting bodies in the rotting cortex. 



The anthracnose of the mango, J. B. Rokek (Bui. Dept. Ayr. Trinidad and 

 Tobago, 14 (1915), No. 5, pp. 164-171, pl- 1)- — Antliracnose (Gloiosporium niangi- 

 ferce or Colletotrichum gloeosporioidcs) , said to be the most common and de- 

 structive of mango diseases, and attacking almost every variety wherever 

 grown, is described as damaging the flowers, leaves, and fruit. Bordeaux mix- 

 ture gave excellent results, especially with the more susceptible varieties. 



A few trial shipments indicated that mangoes can be shipped successfully to 

 distant markets in cold storage. Fruits should be full but not ripe when taken 

 from the tree, and this should be done without injuring the fruit. The boxes 

 for shipping and packing should be of medium size, holding about 2 doz. fruits. 



A disease of mangosteen trees, W. N. C. Belgrave (Agr. Bui. Fed. Malay 

 States, 3 (1915), No. 6-7, p. 229). — It is stated that mangosteen trees are liable 

 to attack by the fungus Zignoella garciniw, which causes the formation of can- 

 kers in the stems, working back from the younger to the older branches. When 

 these have been ringed by the cankers, the foliage withers, turns brown, and 

 dies, the death of the whole tree quickly following. In cross section, the 

 cankers are seen to extend inward to the wood, but the latter is seldom at- 

 tacked. Fructification of a species of Hendersonia, possibly another stage of 

 Zignoella, are often found on the cankers. 



The most practical measures are to cut and burn the trees which have begun 

 to wilt, as these are doomed, and to remove the affected branches in the 

 vicinity. 



