J[56 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.86 



Winter crow roosts, E. R. Kalmrach (U. S. Dcpt. Agr. Yearbook 1915, pp. 

 83-100, pis. 2, fig. i).— This account of the roosting habit of crows, location of 

 roosts, and estimales of the numbers that gather in certain roosts includes a 

 list wliich gives the location, by States, of the crow roosts knowTi to have been 

 occupied in the winter of 1911-12, together with estimates of the numbers of 

 birds in each. A discussion of the winter food of crows and their relation to 

 seed distribution is included. 



Oklahoma insect calendar, G. E. Sanborn (Oklahoma Sta. Circ. 39 {1916), 

 ^o/,>,)._This calendar lists 42 types of insects and gives the appearance and 

 parts of plants affected by each type, together with the treatment or sugges- 

 tions relative to control. Spraying schedules for the apple, peach, cherry, and 

 plum and general insecticide formulas are also given. 



Insect injury to cotton seedlings, B. R. Ooad and R. W. Howe ( V. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Jour. Agr. Research, 6 (1916), No. S, pp. 129-11,0, pU. .5).— This paper re- 

 ports observations made in the vicinity of Tallulah, La., during the spring of 

 1915, on the mutilation of the leaves of cotton seedlings by insects. It appears 

 that this injury can be caused by any of several insects, including a number of 

 si)ec!es of lepidopterous larvse, grasshoppers, and leaf beetles. Tussock larv» 

 were responsible for most of the damage early in the season and then were sup- 

 planted by grasshopper nymphs. The other insects mentioned are the " woolly 

 bear " larva?, or salt marsh caterpillar, and the cutworms Prodenia ornilho- 

 giilli and Pcridroriia innrgaritosa saucia. 



Recent grasshopper outbreaks and latest methods of controlling them, 

 F. M. Wkrstkr (V. .V. Dcpt. Agr. Yearbook 1915, pp. 2GS-212, p/s. 6. figs. S).— 

 This is a popular summary prepared by the author just prior to his death 

 (E. S. R., 34, p. 200). 



The terrapin scale: An important insect enemy of peach orchards, F. L. 

 SiMANTON (/". K. Dcpt. Agr. Bui. 351 (1916), pp. 96, pis. 3. figs. 20).—T\\p in- 

 croiising al)undance of the terrapin scale (Eulecanium nigrofascintum) in the 

 eastern United States, together with numerous complaints recently receiveil 

 from orchardists in many localities within the Appalachian peach belt of severe 

 injury to peaches and of inability to control the pest with the materials com- 

 monly u.sed, led to invof^tigations during the seasons of 1912 and 1913 at a field 

 laboratory at Jlont Alto, Pa., a locality well within the limits of the badly 

 infested area. 



The terrapin scale is a native species which first came to the attention of 

 economic entomologists in 1870, and which since 1898 has gradually assumed 

 more and more importance as an enemy of the peach until now it is feared 

 by the peach growers of Maryland and Pennsylvania more than any other 

 species of scale. At present it is largely confined to the humid area of the 

 Austral Region, considerably more than one-half of all the known infestations 

 being found in Pennsylvania and Maryland. 



In its range and importance this scale ranks easily as second among the 

 scale pests of the peach, and while neither so prolific nor so injurious as the 

 San Jose scale, it is even more of a nuisance owing to the difliculty met with 

 In its control. The injury to the trees from loss of sap, while considerable in 

 badly infested orchards, is small in comparison with the damage resulting from 

 tlu! (k'poslt of honoydew, wliich on badly infested trees makes the fruit almost 

 unsalable. While it attacks more than 30 species of plants it becomes abundant 

 on only a comparatively few, its preference for its principal food plants being 

 as follows: Peach, plum, maple, cherry, sycamore, and mistletoe. 



A detailed report of life history studies is presented, much of which appears 

 in tabular form and in charts. "The female of the terrapin scale reaches 

 maturity about the first of June and gives birth to living young soon after- 



