19161 HORTICULTURE. 143 



leaf area per tree. The leaves were also deficient in chlorophyll. Data secured 

 in young orchards indicate that summer pruning has a detrimental effect, if 

 any, with reference to early bearing. Merely corrective dormant pruning far 

 exceeded all forms of summer pruning in bringing about early bearing and in 

 some cases the moderate and heavy dormant pruned trees produced more 

 bountifully than did the summer pruned trees. 



Some points on the general care of apple orchards, J. P. Stewaet {Proc. 

 State Hort. Assoc. Penn., 55 (1914), pp. 89-95, pi. i).— In the present article 

 consideration is given to methods of securing early bearing, the control of 

 aphids and red bugs, and the fruit pit disease or " stippen." A provisional list 

 of varieties with reference to their susceptibility to fruit pit is also given. 



Irrigation of peaches, L. D. Batciiklok {Utah Sta. Bui. lJf2 (1916), pp. 3-23, 

 figs. IS). — This bulletin presents the results of irrigation experiments started 

 in a 3-year-old peach orchard in 1912. 



Data secured in 1913-14 showed that frequent applications of irrigation 

 water applied to peaches on a gravel loam soil at intervals of 7 or 8 days px-o- 

 duced a more continuous and greater total twig growth than the same total 

 amount of water applied with larger applications at intervals of every 10 to 12 

 days. The more porous the soil the more frequently the trees should be 

 watered. 



Evidence was secured showing that the trees may receive an unnecessary 

 amount of water. The maximum duty of irrigation water applied to peaches 

 on a gravelly soil was 31 acre-inches during the years 1913 and 1914. This 

 amount of water produced a total twig growth practically equal to that pro- 

 duced by 62 acre-inches of water. 



With the same total amount of water applied on a gravel loam, there is a 

 regular increase in crop production the more frequent the irrigation. No 

 amount of water applied early in the season to a crop of peaches on a gravelly 

 soil will compensate for the lack of water during the month before harvest. 



Poor color of fruit was associated with an insufficient amount of irrigation 

 water. High color of fruit was associated with late watering, that is, watering 

 at intervals during the latter part of the growing season up to harvest time. 



Some peculiar forms of winter injury in New York State during the winter 

 of 1914-15, W. H. Chandler (Proc. Soc. Hort. ScL, 12 (1915), pp. 118-121).— 

 The author describes a form of winter injury to peach buds observed in the 

 spring and summer of 1915 in which the pith of the bud and even the pith of 

 the twig at the base of the bud was injured, there being also a slight injury to 

 the xylem and some to the cortex. The apparent result of this injury was a 

 retardation of the blooming and leafing period of from 2 to 3 weeks. As the 

 summer progressed a normal crop of fruit was developed and matured at ap- 

 proximately the same time as that on trees with uninjured fruit buds. 



Similar observations were made on pear trees. In the case of the pears, 

 however, the entire fruit spurs on many trees were injured, this resulting in 

 the loss of the crop. Where the injury did not cover all of tlie spur the trees 

 showed some recovery. 



A stone-fruit spray made from hydrated lime and sulphur, G. C. Starcheb 

 {Virginia Sta. Bui. 210 {1916), pp. 3-14, fig- i)- — Preliminary field experiments 

 were conducted in 1915 to determine the value o^ hydrated lime and sulphur 

 as compared with the usual sulphur sprays used for stone fruits. A series 

 of laboratory studies was also conducted relative to the constancy and methods 

 of preparing the hydrated lime and sulphur solution. 



As tested for one season the hydrated lime and sulphur solution gave good 

 results as a fungicide with very little spray injury. In view of these results 



