1916] VETERINARY MEDICINE. 181 



percentage (66 per cent) of clinically inactive cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, 

 and such a result indicates that though it may be quiescent the infection has 

 not disappeared. The results obtained with the test described are practically 

 as good as those obtained with the Wassermann test for syphilis." 



The significance of bovine tuberculosis to human tuberculosis, J. Orth 

 (Natui-wissenschajtcn, 4 (1916), No. 10, pp. 121-124). — This article discusses 

 the relation of two forms of the di.sease and indicates the necessity of con- 

 trolling, and exterminating if possible, the bovine form. Some statistical data 

 on the progress of the disease in Germany in children under 15 years of age 

 are included. 



Tuberculosis in the dog and its relation to human tuberculosis, H. Markus 

 and H. Schoknagel (Folia Microbiol. [Delf^, 4 (1916), No. 2, pp. 189-205, pis. 

 4). — From their observation and experience the authors conclude that the 

 occurrence of canine tuberculosis is more frequent than is ordinarily suspected. 

 The dog is undoubtedly infected in the greatest number of cases by the human 

 organism. Healthy dogs may also become a source of infection for man by 

 carrying the virulent virus from the street (dried sputum, etc.) and thus 

 spreading it in the house. A rational prophylactic measure against the disease 

 in such form is to keep the dog in a sanitary condition. 



Tuberculosis in Finmarken (the most northerly part of Norway) with 

 special reference to the living conditions, A. B. Wessel (Tidaslcr. Nor.'^ke 

 Lwgcfor., 34 (1914), Nos. 5, pp. 222-230, figs. 2; 6, pp. 273-281; 7, pp. 310-326, 

 figs. 14; ahs. in Internat. Centhl. Gesam. TuberJculose Forsch., 10 (1916), No. 1, 

 p. 14). — The mortality from tuberculosis in this Arctic region is 4.5 per 1,000 

 and has increased steadily since 1860. The cause of such increase is attributed 

 to a deep-seated house infection. The author gives an interesting detailed de- 

 scription of the living conditions of the various inhabitants of this region, viz, 

 Norwegians, Laps, and Finns. 



Sttidies on the biochemistry and chemotherapy of tuberculosis. — XIV, The 

 tuberculocidal action of arsenic compounds and their distribution in the 

 tuberculous organism, A. Abkin and H. J. Corper (.Jour. Infect. Diseases, 18 

 (1916), No. 4. pp. 335-348. fig. 1). — Continuing previous work (E. S. R., 33, p. 

 877), experimental data have demonstrated that "sodium arsenite in dilution 

 of from 0.1 to 0.0001 per cent and sodium cacodylate in dilution of from 2 to 

 0.002 per cent have no germicidal action on human tubercle bacilli in 24 hours 

 at 37° C. Mercury cacodylate in dilutions of from 1 to 0.001 per cent has a 

 germicidal action on human tubercle bacilli in 24 hours at 37°. This action 

 is in all probability due to the mercury and not to the cacodylate radical. 

 Atoxyl, arsacetin, and neosalvarsan in dilutions of from 1 to 0.001 per cent 

 have no germicidal action on human tubercle bacilli in 24 hours at 37°." 



It is evident that these inorganic and organic preparations of arsenic have 

 no specific action on human tubercle bacilli, and if of any therapeutic value at 

 all it is because of their favorable influence on metabolism in general. The 

 arsenic was found in the liver, lungs, kidneys, blood, spleen, and tubercular 

 tissues (lymph glands of the guinea pig and eye of the ral)bit), the concen- 

 trations in these dill'erent tissues not varying to a great extent. There was 

 no evidence of accumulation in the tuberculous tissues. 



Sodium stannate in a concentration of 1 per cent was not germicidal toward 

 tubercle bacilli in 48 hours at 37°. 



Studies on the biochemistry and chemotherapy of tuberculosis. — XV, The 

 bactericidal and fungicidal action of copper salts, Lydia M. DeWitt and 

 Hope Sherman (Jour. Infect. Diseases, 18 (1916), No. 4, pp. 368-382).— It is 

 concluded that copper, either as a bactericide or as a fungicide, is unsatisfactory 

 and unreliable, especially when used for only short periods of time. 



