1916] ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 273 



the basal ration alone. When slaughtered the fish-fed pigs showed no unde- 

 sirable appearance, color, or smell in any part of the carcass, and at no stage 

 of cooking could an exceptional suiell or flavor be detected. 



Larg-e-type swine and fertility, E. N. Wentwoeth {Breeder's Gaz., 69 (1916), 

 No. 13, pp. 722, 723). — In an investigation conducted at the Kansas Experi- 

 ment Station 1,000 litters of large-type Poland-Chinas and 1,100 litters of small- 

 type Poland-Chinas were compared for average size. The large type farrowed 

 litters of 7.854 pigs on the average, while the small type farrowed 7.896 pigs, 

 the difference in fertility between the two strains of swine thus being in- 

 significant. 



The average amount that the group of large-type sows varied from its average 

 litter, 2.141 pigs per litter, was compared with the average amount that the 

 small-tj-pe sows varied from their average litter, 2.146 pigs per litter. The 

 advantage in this case is in favor of the large type, since it is more desirable to 

 have a small deviation ; but, again, the difference is not great enough, either 

 practically or theoretically, to be significant. 



Swine production in Holland and its development in the last hundred 

 years, H. M. Kkoon (Die Schtceinesucht in Holland und Hire Entwicklung in 

 den Letzten 100 Jahren. Inaug. Diss., Univ. Bern, 1915, pp. 65, pis. 6). — This 

 dissertation treats of the various breeds of swine found in Holland, their dis- 

 tribution and improvement, methods of care and management, and the general 

 status of the industry. 



Experimental results in fattening poultry, M. A. Jull {Jour. Anier. Assoc. 

 Instr. and Invest. Poultry Hush., 2 {1916), No. 7, pp. Jt9-52). — In these experi- 

 ments, conducted in Canada, three lots of birds received corn meal, oatmeal feed, 

 and ground buckwheat as their respective grain rations. The ground feed was 

 mixed with water, allowed to stand for at least twelve hours before feeding, and 

 fed in a batter just thin enough to run out of a pail without difficulty. The birds 

 were fed twice daily, the first feed being given early in the morning and the 

 second one late in the afternoon. All food was removed from the feeding troughs 

 as soon as the birds had satisfied their appetites. 



It was found that less grain was required to produce 1 lb. gain in flesh when 

 the birds were fed on corn meal than when fed on a ration of equal parts, by 

 weight, of corn meal, oatmeal feed, and ground buckwheat, or when fed on a 

 ration of pure oatmeal feed, also that the mixed ration was somewhat superior 

 to the oatmeal ration in that respect. It was also shown that less grain was 

 needed to produce 1 lb. gain in two weets than in three weeks with the three 

 rations, and that the extra profit obtained by feeding three weeks was not suffi- 

 cient to warrant the practice, so that two weeks' feeding is to be preferred. 

 While oatmeal feed gave the cheapest gains the mixed feed gave the largest 

 profits, with oatmeal feed last in this respect. 



The weights between live, dressed, and drawn poultry showed a gradual 

 shrinkage, with much less loss of weight between the live and dressed birds than 

 between the dressed and drawn birds. The difference in profit was also con- 

 siderable, being in favor of dressing and showing an actual loss in drawing. 



The profits derived from poultry fattening were 39.5 per cent on the investment. 



Efficiency in roaster production, H. R. Lewis {Jour. Amer. Assoc. Instr. 

 and Invest. Poultry Hnsl)., 2 {1916), No. 6, p. 48).— Experiments conducted at 

 the New Jersey Experiment Stations with Plymouth Rock and White Leghorn 

 cockerels indicated that at nine months of age the Leghorns were matured and 

 would soon become staggy, while the Rocks were in prime condition for slaughter. 

 The average weight of the Rocks was 7.2 lbs., and of the Leghorns 3.S lbs. The 

 weight of the dressed carcass (weight after bleeding and picking and removing 

 the heads, shanks, and offal) at the same age showed that in the ca.se of the 



