1916] VETEEII^ARY MEDICINE. 283 



of 4.5 and of 3 gm., which were mixed respectively with 120 gm. aud with 100 

 gm. of a sterile 0.4 per cent solution of sodium clilorid and administered by in- 

 traveneous injection. No abnormal lesions were observed to have been caused 

 by the injection. Other similar preparations, including atoxyl, plasmarsin, and 

 arsinosolvin, did not give as good results. It is concluded that ueosalvarsan 

 is the best remedy for pectoral influenza and that it gives 100 per cent of 

 recoveries when used in time. 



Epitheliosis infectiosa avium. Contagio-us epithelioma. Chicken pox. 

 Diptheria. Roup. Canker, O. V. Brumlf.y and .T. H. Snook {Vet. Alumni 

 Quart. lOhio State Univ.], 3 (1916), No. S, pp. 81-98).— The authors' bacterio- 

 logical experiments and the satisfactory results obtained from vaccination led 

 them to conclude that they have been dealing with a single disease. The con- 

 fusion in names has led them to designate the affection as infectious epitheliosis 

 of birds (epitheliosis infectiosa avium). 



" Work extending over a period of six years convinces us that typical infec- 

 tious epitheliosis is due to a combination of two factors: (a) A filterable virus; 

 (b) secondary invading organisms which vary in kind but of which the so-called 

 Bacillus diphthericB columbarum of Loeffler appears to be the most important. 

 The filterable virus is the necessary primary invader which lowers the bird's 

 resistance and thus prepares the tissues for the invasion by the secondary organ- 

 isms. Neither factor alone will cause the typical disease. 



" The excellent results derived from the use of a vaccine made from the sec- 

 ondary organisms, both in prevention and treatment, are due to controlling the 

 secondary infections which cause the serious complications. If these are con- 

 trolled infection due to the primary virus is mild and soon disappears. (There 

 is a remote possibility that the filterable virus is contained in the vaccine. We 

 have no evidence that this is or is not the case. The presence of the virus 

 in the vaccine would indicate its growth with the other organisms on the cul- 

 tures. This would be contrary to our present knowledge of filterable viruses. 

 This point will be investigated.) 



" The thei-apeutic dose, as indicated by the large number of birds treated, 

 is 1 cc. for the average adult bird. Younger and smaller birds receive a lesser 

 amount. The immunizing dose found most satisfactory is 1 cc. No bad results 

 have followed when larger doses have been administered. Reports received to 

 date indicate that vaccination is equally efficacious in the treatment of infec- 

 tious epitheliosis in turkeys." 



Spontaneous and experimental leukemia of the fowl, H. O. Schmeisseb 

 {Jour. Expt. Med., 22 {1915), No. 6, pp. 820-SS8).—" The spontaneous occurrence 

 of myeloid leukemia of the fowl is confirmed. Myeloid leukemia of the fowl is 

 transmissible by intravenous or intraperitoneal inj'ection of an organic emulsion. 



A report upon an outbreak of fowl typhoid, W. J. Tatlob {Jour. Amer. Vet. 

 Med. Assoc, 49 {1916), No. 1, pp. 35-49) .—This is a report of investigations of 

 fowl typhoid during the course of an outbreak in California which led to the 

 following conclusions : 



" Fowl typhoid is a specific disease of fowls caused by Bacterium sanguinarium 

 occurring sporadically and causing heavy losses among affected flocks, and 

 unless properly investigated may easily be mistaken for fowl cholera because 

 of its high mortality. Tlie specific morbid conditions consist of an enlarged 

 liver containing necrotic areas, an enlarged spleen, and a general anemic condi- 

 tion of the serous and mucous membranes, together with a marked increase in 

 leucocytes and a corresponding decrease of the red cell content r)f the blood. 

 The increase in leucocytes seems to be confined to the polymorphonuclear va- 

 riety. Fat, well-conditioned adult fowls are more susceptible than young, nearly 

 mature growing birds. 



