1916] HOETICULTUBE. 341 



wild radish, and cornflower. Kainit was most effective when brought in con- 

 tact with the plants when these were in the initial stages of development. It 

 was not found desirable to delay the application beyond the appearance of the 

 first flower buds of the weeds studied. The best results with reference to 

 injuring the weeds and benefiting the crop were secured when application was 

 made at the time the grain plants began to stool. It is pointed out that fer- 

 tilizing with kainit before seeding is frequently of greater benefit to the weeds 

 than to the crop, especially so in the case of rye fields infested with corn- 

 flower. 



The statement is made that if the use of kainit is to be satisfactorily ejffective 

 an adequate quantity must be applied when the plants are wet from dew or 

 rain and the kainit solution must remain active on the parts of the plants 

 above ground for a sufficient length of time. For weed control the use of about 

 1,300 lbs. of kainit per acre is recommended. 



Iron sulphate and calcium cyanamid were generally less effective than 

 kainit. The wild poppy proved most sensitive to calcium cyanamid, and in 

 these tests a mixture of 668 lbs. of kainit and 67 lbs. of calcium cyanamid per 

 acre proved more injurious to cornflower than double the quantity of each 

 substance when applied alone. 



HORTICULTURE. 



The present status of vegetable breeding, E. von Tschermak (Ztschr. 

 Pflanzenzucht., 4 {1916), No. 1, pp. 65-104). — The more important results of 

 breeding investigations with different kinds of vegetables are reviewed. A 

 bibliography of cited literature is included. 



Fertilizer experiments with various vegetables on low moor land, Alves 

 (Mitt. Ver. Ford. Aloorkultur Deut. Reiche, 33 {1915), No. 13, pp. 287-292). — 

 Fertilizer experiments with different kinds of vegetables conducted in 1914 

 under the direction of the German Society for the Promotion of Horticulture 

 and the Association of German Vegetable Growers are reported. 



Vegetable tests on sandy soil at the Umatilla Experiment Farm, R. W. 

 Allen (Oregon Sta. Bui. 136 (1916), pp. 8-38, figs. 9).— This bulletin presents 

 the results of variety and cultural tests of various vegetables conducted during 

 the past six years. The subject matter is presented under two general crop 

 divisions, namely, important vegetable crops and minor truck crops, the latter 

 crops being poorly adapted to the district or of only secondary commercial 

 importance. Included in the crops ^vhich are promising on account of their 

 production and marketing possibilities are asparagus, eggplant, muskmelons, 

 onions, parsnips, peas, potatoes, sweet corn, and watermelons. 



The vegetable garden in New Hampshire, .J. B. Scherrer (N. H. Col. Ext. 

 Bui. 6 (1916), pp. 42, figs. 20). — The principles of vegetable gardening are here 

 considered with special reference to their adaptation to the home garden and 

 the small commercial garden. 



Vegetable growing (Mass. [Bd.] Agr. Bui. 5, 2. ed., rev. (1916), pp. 185, pis. 

 15, figs. 14). — Some of the articles in the previous edition of this bulletin 

 (E. S. R., 26, p. 539) have been superseded by new ones and a number of other 

 new articles relating to vegetable growing have been added. The subject 

 matter as a whole has been thoroughly revised and brought up to date. 



Specific chemical and structural variations caused by grafting the tomato 

 on the cabbage, L. Daniel (Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris], 162 (1916), No. 11, 

 pp. 397-399). — The variations here described consist of the development of 

 granular cellules containing oxalate of lime in the cabbage and the occurrence 

 in the cabbage throughout the region of the union of a well-developed internal 

 medullary liber similar to that of the tomato, 



