1916] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 359 



and minor anatomical differences have led to its recognition as a distinct 

 species. It has been umisually destructive at various times in those sections 

 of Nevp York, Pennsylvania, and Oliio where grapes are the predominating 

 crop, and has also been a pest in other States. 



The studies of its life history and of control measures, here reported, have 

 extended over a period of several years. The pest was found to be two- 

 brooded, completing its life cycle twice each year. Moths transforming from 

 the overwintering pupa? emerge throughout a period of from 20 to 30 days in 

 June and July, making the periods during which the eggs hatch of equal 

 duration. 



" Earlier publications have recommended three sprayings, one just before 

 bloom, a second when the grapes are about as large as peas, and a third about 

 July 10 to 15. The recent and complete life-history studies have shown that 

 by following this program the three sprayings for berry-worm control were 

 made before the first-brood larvae were grown. The third spraying from July 

 10 to 15 was made almost a month before the eggs of the second brood of 

 berry worms for the season were hatched, leaving small probability of suffi- 

 cient poison adhering at this time to kill many of these newly-hatched worms. 



" By timely, thorough spraying, in accordance with the known life-history 

 development, the berry worms have been controlled, their injuries being re- 

 duced to an almost negligible amount. These sprayings should be extremely 

 thorough. Arsenate of lead 4 lbs., Bordeaux 2 : .3 : 50, and 2 lbs. of dissolved 

 soft soap should be used for the first spraying just after the blooming of the 

 grapes, when the largest berries are about 0.125 in. in diameter. This poison 

 spray kills many of the first-brood worms. 



" The second spraying must be made just preceding the placing of the moth 

 eggs on the grape berries and stems of the berries. In normal years the time 

 of this spraying comes between August 3 and 12, depending upon whether 

 the grapes bloom earlier or later than normally, or about seven weeks after 

 the grapes bloom. This time can also be determined by placing a lot of wormy 

 grapes in a jar about July 20 with leaves on top of the berries ; tie a piece 

 of cloth over the top of the jar and place it outdoors in the shade. Spraying 

 for the control of the second-brood worms must be started about ten days 

 after the first-brood worms begin to spin cocoons on the grape leaves. Use 

 arsenate of lead paste 6 lbs., Bordeaux 2 : 3 : 50, and dissolved soft soap 2 

 lbs., covering every bunch with spray, applying it preferably by hand." 



Life-history studies of this insect, by Johnson and Hammar, have been pre- 

 viously noted (E. S. R., 28, p. 453). 



Omix geminatella, the xinspotted tentiform leaf miner of apple, L. Hase- 

 MAN (V. 8. Dept. Agr., Jour. Agr. Research, 6 (1916), No. 8, pp. 289-296, 

 pi. 1). — This leaf miner is said to have been extremely abundant in Missouri 

 in recent years, and has attracted the attention of fruit growers throughout the 

 State. Its attack has largely been confined to bearing apple orchards, though 

 considerable injury has been done to apple foliage in nurseries. Its importance 

 is considerably lessened due to its being most abundant in the late summer and 

 early fall. 



The moth was first described and figured by Packard in 1869 as LithocoUetes 

 geminatella and was reported by him to be abundant in New England on pear 

 and apple. It has since been reported by entomologists as very abundant on 

 apple in New York, as common in Connecticut, and as occurring in a number 

 of other States. 



In the present paper the author reports observations being made at the Mis- 

 souri Experiment Station of its life history and habits. The egg is so small that 



