446 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol.35 



times and in all cells, is amply sufficient to assume any number of nervous 

 stimuli or unit factors in an organism. It is shown that spontaneous variation 

 (fluctuation), mutation, and the results of selection which run counter to 

 Johannsen's pure line theory might be accounted for if the view advanced is 

 correct. 



" The similarity of the Fj plants of the cross between two varieties of S. 

 nigrum to the mutating species of (Enothera is pointed out." 



The transmission of productive and other qualities in the propagation of 

 fruit trees through bud selection, G. T. Powell (West. N. T. Hort. Soc. Proc, 

 61 {1916), pp. 85-93). — The author gives the results of some of his own investi- 

 gations with apples, as well as observations on the work of Shamel with citrus 

 fruits in southern California (E. S. R., 34. p. G39), to show that production and 

 other qualities of fruit are transmitted through buds selected from special trees. 



Orchard fertilization, W. S. Blaik (Ann. Rpt. Fruit Growers' Assoc. Nova 

 Scotia, 1916, pp. 130-U5).—A paper with discussion following, in which the 

 author reviews some of the more important results secured with cover crops, as 

 well as with organic and inorganic manures, in orcharding experiments at the 

 Canada stations. 



Pomological investigations, T. Zsciiokke (Landw. Jahrb. Sehtceiz, 29 

 (1915), No. 5, pp. 586-592). — A progress report on pomological investigations 

 conducted at the Wadensweil Station during the year 1913-14. 



The results of an experimental test conducted at the station indicate that, 

 contrary to claims made for it, the placing of tin bands or girdles around young 

 fruit trees has no beneficial effect, either in improving the quantity and quality 

 of the fruit or in throwing the trees into early bearing. 



Painting tree wounds, H. G. Cook (Country Gent., 81 (1916), No. 19, p. 

 988). — In this article the author reports that his experience in painting tree 

 wounds corroborates the results secured at the New York State Experiment 

 Station (E. S. R., 32, p. 835), in as far as peach tree wounds and small wounds 

 on apple trees under 30 years of age are concerned. He is of the opinion, how- 

 ever, that wounds on older apple trees with slower healing capacity will not 

 be sufficiently protected from decay by annual spraying. Such wounds, though 

 perfectly healed on the outside, may be decayed within. 



His method of applying carbolineum or creosote oils to the heartwood without 

 injuring the growing sapwood is described. This consists essentially in lightly 

 charging the brush with oil and painting carefully from the heartwood out, 

 leaving a circle unpainted around the outside from f in. to 1 in. in width. In 

 order to stimulate quick healing, the edge of the bark and the sapwood is 

 painted with a liquid wax composed of rosin and beef tallow in solution in 

 alcohol. 



Growing fruit for home use in the Great Plains area, H. P. Gould and 

 O. J. Grace (U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 727 (1916), pp. 39, figs. 25).— 

 This bulletin supersedes Circular 51 of the Bureau of Plant Industry (E. S. R., 

 23, p. 42). It discusses sites for fruit plantations, climatic features of the 

 Great Plains, preparation of the land for planting, selection and care of nursery 

 stock, planting operations, and subsequent management of the orchard. A 

 variety list of orchard and small fruits suggested for planting in the Great 

 Plains area is given. 



The problem of finding a profitable market for the products of farms in 

 the State of New York, J. J. Dillon (West. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Proc, 61 (1916), 

 pp. 9-SO). — In this paper the author gives a review of the progress made by the 

 New York State Department of Poods and Markets in the disposal of the 

 state fruit crops through the auction system of marketing. 



