19161 SOILS — FERTILIZEES. 423 



Soil survey of Chautauqua County, New York, T. M, Moebison, C. C. 

 Engle, and G. L. Fulleb (U. S. Dept. Agr., Advance Sheets Field Operations 

 Bur. Soils, 1914, PP- 60, fig. 1, map 1). — This survey, made in cooperation with 

 the New York State College of Agriculture and issued May 22, 1916, deals with 

 the soils of an area of 684,160 acres in southwestern New York which comprises 

 a lake plain and rolling to hilly upland. " The soils have all been derived from 

 glacial debris, originating largely from the sandstone and shales of the region, 

 but with admixture of some foreign material brought in by the ice." Including 

 muck, meadow, and rough stony land, 26 soil types of 9 series are mapped, of 

 which the Volusia silt loam covers 58.1 per cent and the Wooster silt loam 10.2 

 per cent of the area. 



Soil survey of Lincoln County, North Carolina, R. T. A. Burke and L. L. 

 Beinkley { U. S. Dept. Agr., Advance Sheets Field Operations Bur. Soils, 1914, 

 pp. 33, fig. 1, map 1). — This survey, made in cooperation with the North Caro- 

 lina Department of Agriculture and issued May 19, 1916, deals with the soils of 

 a well-drained area of 195,200 acres in the Piedmont Plateau section in south- 

 western North Carolina, the surface of which ranges from almost level or 

 gently rolling to rolling or broken. The soils are of residual and alluvial origin. 

 Eleven soil types of 5 series are mapped, of which the Cecil clay loam and fine 

 sandy loam cover 42.8 and 12.9 per cent of the area, respectively, and the Louisa 

 gravelly loam and Cecil sandy loam 12.3 and 11.7 per cent, respectively. 



The availability of nutrient salts, A. G. McCall {Jour. Anier. Soc. Agron., 

 8 (1916), No. 1, pp. 41-50). — A comparison of the results of winter wheat cul- 

 tures in sand, receiving a nutritive solution and the osmotic concentration of 

 which was 1.75 atmospheres, with those obtained in 3 salt nutritive solution 

 cultures led to the conclusions "(1) that the concentration of the nonadsorbed 

 solution in the sand is markedly lower than that of the solution which was 

 added, (2) that the adsorbed salts are either nonavailable or are very 

 greatly retarded in their participation in the growth process of the plant, 

 and (3) that for this particular concentration the ratio of magnesium to 

 calcium ions in the optimum nutritive solution is materially changed by the 

 adsorption process." 



The action of chlorids on soil and plant, E. Haselhoff (Fiihling's Landw. 

 Ztg., 64 {1915), No. 19-20, pp. 478-508) .—The author reviews work by himself 

 and others on the influence of chlorids, especially sodium and magnesium 

 chlorids, on seed germination, growing plants, the physical and chemical 

 composition of soil, and the productiveness of soil. 



It is concluded that plant growth may be inhibited by a solution of 5 gm. 

 of sodium chlorid to 1 liter of water and that the solution is injurious in a 

 concentration as low as 0.5 gm. per liter of water. Owing to the variable influ- 

 ence of different types and composition of soil and plant and of climate, it 

 is thought that no general limiting concentrations can be specified. Similar 

 conclusions are drawn with reference to the influence of magnesium chlorid 

 solutions on plant growth, except that it is thought the permissible concentra- 

 tion may be higher than that of sodium chlorid. 



It is further concluded that sodium and magnesium chlorid solutions have 

 practically the same influence on the chemical composition of the soil as do 

 calcium and potassium chlorids, in that the soil absorbs the base of the chlorid 

 so that in the case of magnesium chlorid an injurious excess of magnesia may 

 gradually accumulate in the soil. The injurious influence of chlorids on the 

 physical composition of soil is considered to be especially marked on heavy 

 loam and clay soils and more on meadow than on cultivated soil. No limiting 

 concentrations of chlorid solutions for this purpose can be given. 

 61574°— No. 5—16 ^3 



