1916] FIELD CROPS. 535 



continuous culture. As compared with corn, wheat tied i nod loss in yielrl when 

 grown continuously without fertilizers, and as compared with corn and potatoes 

 in 3-year rotations without fertilizers sr^howed greater hardiness and persistence. 



In fertilizer experiments 14 per cent acid phosphate was used at the rate of 

 160 lbs. per acre on wheat and 320 lbs. per rotation at Wooster and Strongsville 

 and of 120 lbs. on wheat and 240 lbs. per rotation at Gei-mantown and Car- 

 penter. Muriate of potash was applied at the rate of 100 lbs. per acre on wheat 

 and 260 lbs. per rotation at Wooster and Strongsville and 20 lbs. per acre 

 on wheat and 40 lbs. per rotation at Germantown and Carpenter. Nitrate of 

 soda and dried blood were given at the rate of 120 lbs. and 50 lbs. per acre, 

 respectively, on wheat, an equivalent of 480 lbs. of nitrate of soda per rotation 

 at Wooster and Strongsville and at the rate of 80 lbs. on wheat and 160 lbs. per 

 rotation at Germantown and Carpenter. Barnyard manure was applied at the 

 rate of 4 tons per acre on wheat and of S tons per rotation at Wooster and 

 Strongsville and of 5 tons per acre at Germantown and Carpenter. In ar- 

 riving at the financial results, corn was valued at 50 cts. per bu., oats at 33J 

 cts., wheat at 90 cts., hay at $10 per ton, corn stover at $4, and straw at $2. 

 The acid phosphate was valued at $14 per ton, muriate of potash at $."')0, and 

 nitrate of soda iit $60. The extra cost of harvesting the increase of crops was 

 placed at 10 cts. per bu. for cereals and $1 per ton for hay. In the fertilizer 

 tests at Wooster, Strongsville, Germantown, and Carpenter the use of phos- 

 phorus alone increased the yield of wheat from 4.85 to 8 bu. per acre, phos- 

 phorus and potassium from 6.2 to 9.19 bu., and phosphorus, potassium, and 

 nitrogen from 8.77 to 16.2 bu. Based on all the crops of the rotation and 

 taking into account the fertilizer cost and the expense of harvesting the in- 

 ciease, the average annual net value pec acre of the increase from the use of 

 phosphorus at the four points was $2.87, from phosphorus and potassium, $3.21 ; 

 and from phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen, $2.60. The cost of the nitrogen 

 in commercial forms did not justify its use in the growing of cereals. In 

 these experiments manure gave a return of more than $3 per ton without proper 

 reinforcement v.-ith phosphorus, while in other experiments at the station a 

 return of more than $4 per ton has been secured. 



The use of 1 ton of burnt lime or 2 tons of ground limestone per acre once 

 in five years on the acid soil at Wooster increased the yield of wheat 2.11 bu. 

 per acre as a 10-year average. The lime increased the value of all crops in 

 rotation from $6.17 to $27.41 per acre, depending upon the fertilizer treatment. 

 The average gain for lime per rotation was $16.47 per acre. No treatment of 

 the soil with fertilizers or manure rendered lime unnecessary. 



Plowing 15 in. deep showed a gain of 0.43 bu. per acre over plowing 7.5 in. 

 deep, and ordinary plowing with subsoiling showed a gain of 1.04 bu. of wheat 

 over ordinary plowing alone. Neither deep plowing nor subsoiling proved prof- 

 itable on the Wooster silt loam soil. 



The results from broadcasting and drilling seed varied widely with the sea- 

 son. As an average of five seasons the gain for drilling was 3.8 bu. per acre. 

 No difference in yield was found between drilling 1 in. and 2 in. deep, and a 

 3-in. depth showed but a slight decline. As an average of three tests with 

 the same quantity of seed per acre, cross-drilling gave an average gain of 

 0.76 bu. of wheat per acre over drilling one way. 



The results of making nine different seedings of wheat at intervals of one 

 week, beginning September 1 and ending October 26, for a period of 14 years, 

 were in favor of the seedings made September 21 and 22, with the seedings on 

 September 28 and 29 standing next, and those of September 14 and 15 third. 

 The results of experiments on the use of from 3 to 10 pk. of seed per acre and 



