542 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol. 35 



the fruit pit, and winter injury now so prevalent in the orchards are due to 

 drought and improper fertilization. 



Winter injury to apple tree roots {Wisconsin Sta. Bui. 268 {1916), pp. 15, 

 16). — Observations made by the horticultural department on root killing of 

 apple trees show that when there is a blanket of snow upon the ground even 

 excessive variations in air temperatures do not cause much fluctuation in soil 

 temperatures ; hence cover crops which hold the snow aid in preventing winter- 

 killing. 



The results of one year's work further indicate that the roots arising from 

 scions of hardy varieties of apples can withstand greater cold than roots of 

 equal size developing from the stock. Considerable difference existed in the 

 ability of scion roots of different varieties to resist low temperatures. Scion 

 roots of the Wealthy, for instance, are much hardier than those of the North- 

 western Greening. J. G. Moore of the station has observed that ordinarily no 

 scion roots are produced the first year. Usually those produced the second season 

 are small, and less than 50 per cent of the 3-year-old apple stock had any scion 

 root development. Consequently too much reliance can not be placed upon 

 ihe development of scion roots by young trees as a factor to enable the trees 

 to resist winter conditions. 



Ripening of g'rowing parts of orchard trees and shrubbery, A. D. Selby 

 {Mo. Bui. Ohio Sta., 1 {1916), No. 7, pp. 206-208, fig. i).— Attention is called to 

 the danger of the unripened condition of orchard trees and shrubbery due to 

 various causes, with suggestions for the ripening of the wood so that winter 

 injury does not follow. Among the causes of the unripened condition are 

 heavy manuring, excessive pruning, late cultivation, defoliation by leaf spot 

 and other fungi, etc. 



Suggested grades for peaches, M. A. Blake and C. H. Connors {Neiv Jersey 

 Stas. Circ. 58 {1916). pp. 8, figs. Jf). — In continuation of suggestions relative to 

 grading peaches given in a previous bulletin of the station (E. S. R., 34, p. 

 639), the experience gained during 1915 is included in the present circular. 

 A descriptive outline for standard varieties is given showing the amount of 

 color these varieties should have to be classed as " fancy " fruit. 



Horticultural observations in Port'" Rico, Cuba, and Florida in relation 

 to the horticulture of Hawaii, J. E. H. .^ins {Hatvaii Sta. Rpt. 1915, pp. 58-73, 

 pis. 3). — A comparative study of the fruit industries in Porto Rico, Cuba, and 

 Florida, with special reference to similar industries in Hawaii. The fruits 

 considered include the pineapple, citrus fruits, the avocado, and the mango. 

 Information is given relative to the extent of the industries, cultural methods, 

 principal diseases and insects, and marketing. 



FORESTRY. 



Third biennial report of the state forester. 1914, J. C. Van Hook {Bien. 

 Rpt. State Forester Mont., 3 {1913-llf), pp. 35, pi. 1). — A brief account is given 

 of the lumber industry in Montana, together with descriptions of the commercial 

 woods of the State, methods of administering the state forests, and the work 

 of forest protection. 



Fifth annual report of the state forester, F. A. Elliott {Ann. Rpt. State 

 Forester Oreg., 5 {1915), pp. 22). — A progress report on the work of the State 

 Board of Forestry, with special reference to the work of forest protection. 



Report of the state fire warden, C. P. Wilbee (Ann. Rpt. Dcpt. Conserv 

 and Develop., N. J., 1915, pp. ^7-77, pis. 3). — The report of the 1915 season rela- 

 tive to the work of forest fire protection in New Jersey. 



