19161 VETERINARY MEDICIITE. 577 



The authors have observed and demonstrated the presence of the disease in 

 two canaries. Gross lesions were present in nearly every organ and micro- 

 scopic examination showed great numbers of acid-fast bacilli of the avian type. 

 The disease has also been observed in turkeys in a number of instances. 



Investigations to determine the possibility of congenital tuberculosis being 

 present in chicks have been carried on by the authors, but the experiments in 

 this connection have thus far yielded only negative results. The results how- 

 ever, are not considered conclusive. 



In an examination of eggs bacilli microscopically indistinguishable from those 

 of tuberculosis were found in about 20 per cent of the eggs examined. Subse- 

 quent inoculation of guinea pigs with material from these eggs produced a 

 generalized tuberculous infection from which typical avian cultures were 

 procured. 



In experiments with tuberculin as a practical method of diagnosis no marked 

 variation in temperature was observed in four fowls which received 2 cc. of 

 avian tuberculin subcutaneously. In four fowls which were given 1 cc. of con- 

 centrated tuberculin intradermally (the thickened skin of the breast) no evi- 

 dence of any local or thermal reaction was observed. Fowls which received one 

 drop of tuberculin in the eye manifested no evidence of an ophthalmic or a 

 thermal reaction. 



Further studies on the nutritive deficiencies of wheat and grain mixtures 

 and the pathological conditions produced in swine by their use, E. B. Hart 

 W. S. Miller, and E. V. McCollum {Jour. Biol. Chcm., 25 (1D16), No. 2, pp. 

 239-259, pis. 5, figs. 9). — The animal (.swine) feeding experiments herein re- 

 ported supply information regarding the role played in both animal and human 

 nutrition by toxic materials in apparently normal food products, the results 

 reported being supplementary to those obtained by the authors in earlier work 

 (E. S. R., 35, p. 472). Their conclusions are in part as follows: 



"Malnutrition, histologically characterized by nerve degeneration, may 

 result from the absence of certain factors in the diet, as in the case of l>eri- 

 beri. A similar condition may likewise arise from the presence of toxic mate- 

 rials in apparently normal food products and in the presence of all known 

 factors essential for continued growth and well-being. 



" With a large mass of wheat in the ration of swine toxicity will follow, 

 even in the presence of all the recognized factors for growth. Only in the 

 presence of very liberal quantities of all these factors can the effect of the 

 toxicity be overcome. This toxicity manifests its action by producing impor- 

 tant histological changes in the nervous system of the animal, not unlike those 

 recorded for beri-beri. No one important factor for growth, such as better 

 proteins, salts, or fat-soluble A, appears able to act as a complete corrective 

 for this toxicity. 



" It also appears possible to produce similar pathological conditions in swine 

 in the absence of all known toxic material and in the presence of a fair quality 

 of protein, a plentiful supply of fat-soluble A and water-soluble B, but a poor 

 salt mixture, namely, that natural to the grains used." 



Studies on the transmission and prevention of cestode infection in 

 chickens, J. E. Gutberlet (Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, 49 {1916), No. 2, pp. 

 218-237). — "The results of these experiments show that the intermediate (cys- 

 ticercoid) stage of Choanotcenia infundibulifo7-mis occurs in the common house 

 fly {Musca domestica). The results were obtained by feeding flies on eggs of 

 the tapeworm and raising cysticercoids in a fly ; also by feeding chicks on flies 

 and raising the worms in the birds. By morphological comparison of the cys- 

 ticercoid and an adult they are shown to be identical. Results from experi- 



