1916] ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 569 



pound of feed consumed, and realizing a total profit per lot of $14.15, $13.44, 

 $15.50, and $6.94 for the respective lots. 



Feeding and management of hog's, J. I. Thompson (California Sta. Circ. 151 

 {1916), pp. 16, fig. 1). — This circular treats of the breeding, feeding, care, and 

 management of hogs under California conditions, and of the butchering, curing, 

 and keeping of pork. 



Hens confined as compared with liens having access to open yard, M. C. 

 KiLPATRicK and D. E. Warner {Pennsylvania Sta. Rpt. 1914, pp. 121, 122). — 

 In an experiment to determine the relation between the number of eggs laid, 

 the amount of feed consumed, and the physical condition of each flock, two lots 

 of 40 White Leghorn hens each were fed, lot 1 being confined and lot 2 having 

 the use of a j'ard. 



At the end of the first 13 weeks the fowls in pen 2 had laid 466 eggs, whereas 

 those in pen 1 had laid only 179. During the second 13 weeks pen 2 laid 1,285 

 eggs and pen 1, 1,221. During the third 13 weeks pen 2 laid 2,079 eggs and 

 pen 1, 1,589. During the last 13 weeks pen 2 laid 1,525 eggs and pen 1, 1,483. 



It is concluded that in order to obtain the best results in egg production it 

 is a decided advantage to allow the flock of hens the use of a yard where they 

 may have room to exercise and secure green feed at certain seasons of the year. 

 There seemed to be, however, a period, from about January to April, when the 

 egg yield from both pens ran about parallel, and when the egg yield from the 

 pen of fowls which had the use of the yard did not indicate that it is necessary 

 for the hens to be out of doors during the winter months. 



There was apparently little difference in the amount of feed (concentrates) 

 consumed by each pen, but the results show that the lot which laid the largest 

 number of eggs consumed a little more feed than the other lot. The hens in 

 pen 2 consumed more feed in the first and third periods, and the fowls of both 

 pens ate the most feed at the time when their egg production was the highest. 

 There was no great difference in the physical condition of the fowls of the two 

 lots. In the lot confined, however, the hens seemed to have more completely 

 molted at the end of the first year's work than the lot which had the use of 

 the run. 



Ostrich investigations, R. H. Williams and W. S. Cunningham {Arizona 

 Sta. Rpt. 1915, pp. 560-562). — A distinct difference was noted in the general 

 appearance of eggs laid by hens of different breeds. Observations during the 

 past year indicated no appreciable difference in the number of eggs laid by the 

 South African and Nubian hens, the average number of eggs laid by the South 

 African hens being 20, the Nubian hens 26.5, and the crossbreeds 23.33. More 

 variation was noted between hens of the same breed than the average of differ- 

 ent breeds. 



It is possible that the South Mrican hens laid smaller eggs than those of 

 the Nubian breeds, but the crossbred hens laid the largest eggs, averaging 

 1,616.36 gm. The variation, however, between the average weight of eggs laid 

 by the different hens was great. Thus it is noted that the South African hens 

 laid eggs that weighed from 1,279.6 to 5,110.7 gm., and eggs from the four hens 

 of this breed averaged 1,444.03 gm. The crossbred hens laid eggs that averaged 

 172.6 gm. heavier than the South African and 27.7 gm. heavier than the Nubian 

 hens. 



Similar conclusions may be made with regard to the effect of breed upon the 

 width and length of the eggs. The South African hens laid eggs that were 

 rather short in length and round in appearance, while the crossbred and Nubian 

 hens laid eggs that were larger, of about the same diameter, but greater in 

 length. There seems to be a striking correlation throughout between the weight, 



