1916] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 553 



Eight species are here considered, namely, Gicadula sexnotata, Acoccphalns 

 albifrons, A. striatus, CMorotettix unicolor, Idiocerus provancheri, Drwcula- 

 ccp'hala angulifera, Phlepsius apcrtus, and Balclntha punctata, of which the 

 first three mentioned are dealt with at some length. The six-spotted leaf- 

 hopper {C. sexnotata), one of the first to invade new fields, produces several 

 generations and is quite migratory in habit. After this, for Maine, Deltocepha- 

 Itis minki appears to be one of the earliest to appear in open fields, and later 

 the froghoppers and A. striatns come in abundance. One of the latest and per- 

 haps the least migratory is A. albifrons, termed the timothy crown leafhopper, 

 since it lives down in the ground around the crowns of timothy. 



The army worm in New York in 1914 (Leucania unipuncta), H. H. Knight 

 (Nero York Cornell Sta. Bui. 376 {1916), pp. 751-765, pis. 8).— Next to the 

 serious outbreak of the army worm in 1S96, studies of which were made by 

 Slingerland (E. S. R., 9, p. 365), the outbreak in 1914 was the most serious 

 that has occurred in New York State. This outbreak afforded an opportunity 

 to gather considerable additional data, which are here reported. 



The observations relate to food plants, place of development in Genesee 

 County, life cycle, occurrence in 1915, natural enemies and methods of control, 

 and the occurrence of an allied species, L. pseudargyria. 



Comparative study of the amount of food eaten by parasitized and non- 

 parasitized larvae of CiiiJhis unipuncta, D. G. Towek (U. S. Dept. Agr., Jour. 

 Agr. Research, 6 {1916), No. 12, pp. Jf55-458). — In the author's experiment with 

 the parasite Apantcles militaris it was found that the parasitized army worm 

 a.te approximately half as much as unparasitized larvae during the same periods, 

 and it seems conclusive that parasitism by A. militaris is directly beneficial in 

 the generation attacked. " From the results obtained it might seem as though 

 larvae oviposited in at an earlier date would eat more before being killed, but 

 the time spent in the host by the parasites seems to be fairly constant, and this 

 was also noticed in a larger number of cases in former experiments with A. 

 militaris. Hence, it is believed that in such cases the larvae would have only 

 approximately the same amount of time for feeding, and a larger portion of 

 this period would occur during the earlier stages, when a much smaller amount 

 of food is eaten, so that the amount eaten would be less than the normal for 

 unparasitized larvae." 



The clover leaf tyer (Ancylis angulifasciana), H. A. Gossard {Ohio Sta. 

 Bui. 297 {1916), pp. 427-U3, pls. 2, figs. 2; abs. in Mo. Bui. Ohio Sta., 1 {1916). 

 No. 6, pp. 181-185, figs. 2). — The author reports observations made of this insect 

 since 1905, in the spring of which year his attention was drawn to the ragged, 

 eaten condition of the clover leaves. Considerable damage was caused to clover 

 at the station farm. Its appearance in injurious numbers seems to have been 

 local, since the author has not observed it to be of importance elsewhere than 

 at Wooster. 



Red clover and alsike are said to have been very freely attacked in the field, 

 white clover less commonly, and alfalfa not at all. Clover foliage eaten by 

 the caterpillars presents a ragged appearance, the epidermis from one of the 

 surfaces being either partly or wholly eaten away, while that remaining appears 

 thin, papery, and white, except for minute splotches and streaks of green here 

 and there. Either the upper or lower surface will be eaten, whichever happens 

 to be turned inward in the cell. 



The moths of the first brood appear in late April or early May and are 

 nearly all gone by May 20. The eggs were found to require an incubation period 

 of from two to three weeks. Three broods were observed. 



" It is apparent that the first clover harvest, coming in late June and early 

 July or earlier, will carry to the mow many of the larvae and pupae of the first 



