1916] VETERINARY MEDICINE. 683 



the logical antidote, but has hopes that a safe method of feeding the meal to 

 swine will be discovered." See also a previous note (E. S. R., 34, p. 79). 



Feeding- experiments with Bacterium pullorum.— The toxicity of infected 

 eggs, L. F. Reitger, T. G. Hull, and W. S. Sturges (Jour. Expt. Med., 23 

 {1916), No. 4, pp. 475-489). — "The problem of eradicating ovarian infection in 

 the domestic fowl assumes still greater importance than heretofore in the light 

 of data recently acquired. Not only is it of great significance to eliminate the 

 permanent carriers of B. puUorum from all flocks of fowls from the standpoint 

 of successful poultry breeding, but also because they constitute a possible source 

 of danger to man. 



" Eggs which harbor B. pullorum in the yolk in large numbers may produce 

 abnormal conditions, when fed, not only in young chicks but in adult fowls, 

 young rabbits, guinea pigs, and kittens. The toxicity for young rabbits is most 

 pronounced, the infection usually resulting in the death of the animals. In 

 kittens the most prominent symptoms are those of severe food poisoning with 

 members of the paratyphoid group of bacteria. The possibility of infected eggs 

 causing serious disturbances in young children and in the sick and convalescent 

 of all ages must therefore receive serious consideration. 



"Ovarian infection of fowls is very common throughout this country. Hence, 

 a large proportion of the marketed eggs are infected with B. pullorum. When 

 such eggs are allowed to remain in nests under broody hens, or in warm storage 

 places, for comparatively few hours, they contain large numbers of the 

 organism. 



" Soft boiling, coddling, and frying on one side only do not necessarily render 

 the yolks free from viable bacteria ; therefore, eggs which have gone through 

 these processes may, like raw eggs, be the cause of serious disturbances in per- 

 sons who are particularly susceptible to such influence, and especially to 

 infants." 



Morpholog-y of adult and larval cestodes from poulti-y, J. E. Gutberlet 

 {Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc, 35 {1916), A'o. 1, pp. 23-4i, pis. 4). — "By morpho- 

 logical comparison of the cysticercoids produced experimentally in flies and 

 adult of Choanatcenia infundibuliformis they are shown to be identical. Mor- 

 phological points noted are the pre.sence of minute booklets on the suckers and 

 entire surface of scolex in C. infundibuliformis. The manner of development of 

 uterus in the same species is by means of a blind tube which grows in size, 

 forming pockets, and later breaks up into small compartments. In Davainea 

 tetragona the genital pores were found to occur irregularly alternate in the 

 proglottids. The hooks on the rostellum of D. cesticillus were found to vary in 

 length from 8 to 12 ,u. The uterus in development first appears as a solid cord 

 of cells which becomes hollow and in growing forms pockets, filling the entire 

 proglottid." 



The studies here presented relate to those previously noted (E. S. R., 35, 

 p. 577. ) A bibliography of 26 titles is appended. 



Further investigations into the etiology of the protozoan disease of tur- 

 keys known as blackhead, entero-hepatitis, typhlitis, etc., T. Smith {Jour. 

 Med. Research, 33 {1915), No. 2, pp. 243-270, pis. 5).— "Putting together the 

 data at hand, certain facts seem to stand out quite clearly. The parasite, from 

 the fact of its destructive effect on the young bird's life, is poorly adapted to its 

 young host. The process of invasion into the walls of ceca and liver is not 

 adjusted to the discharge of parasites for passage to another host. The parasites 

 are buried within the host lesions. Again, the cycle as observed is obviously 

 incomplete. There is all told a remarkable want of adaptation of means to 

 ends such as we find so fully developed in the coccidia and protozoan blood 

 parasites, for instance. 



