1916] FOODS HUMAN NUTRITION. 665 



From the results reported it appears that "the fact that the muscle of 

 children contains much less creatiu than that of adults was conlii-med." These 

 results apparently confirm the theory concerning the relationship of muscle 

 creatin and urinary creatinin in man offered by other investigators, who have 

 called attention to the low creatinin coellicients in the case of persons in a 

 feeble and wasted condition; as such individuals become convalescent and show 

 an increase in the " muscle tonus " a rise in the creatinin coefficient is noted. 



The creatinin and creatin content of the blood of children, B. S. Veedeb and 

 M. R. Johnston (Amer. Jour. Diseases Children, 12 {1916), No. 2, pp. 136- 

 144). — This paper reports experimental data regarding the content of creatin, 

 creatinin, and nonprotein nitrogen in the blood of children under normal and 

 clinical conditions. The data are based upon experiments made with 75 

 children. 



Experimental studies on creatin and creatinin. — V, Protein feeding and 

 creatin elimination in pancreatic diabetes, W. C. Rose (Jour. Biol. Cheni., 26 

 (1916), No. 2, pp. 331-33S). — The author reports experiments in continuation 

 of earlier work on the influence of diet on the elimination of creatin and 

 creatinin (E. S. R., 26, p. 158). 



Experiments with laboratory animals (dogs) showed that protein feeding in 

 the animals after complete extirpation of the pancreas did not lead to the dis- 

 appearance of creatin from the urine, as was the case with similar feeding in 

 normal fasting animals. In the opinion of the author the behavior of the 

 creatin elimination in phlorizin and pancreatic diabetes offers proof of the 

 dependence of the creatin elimination upon the carbohydrate utilization. 



Experimental studies on creatin and creatinin. — VI, Protein feeding and 

 creatin elimination in fasting man, W. G. Rose, F. W. Dimmitt, and P. N. 

 Cheatham (Jour. Biol. Chem., 26 {1916), No. 2, pp. 339-344) .—Th^ results are 

 reported of observations upon two normal, healthy young men receiving a diet 

 of eggs after a period of fasting. The following conclusions are drawn : 



" Contrary to the generally accepted idea, protein feeding in starving man 

 promptly reduces the creatin output to nil. 



" The amount of acetone bodies present in the urine during short fasts 

 (three to four days) is not sufficient to render the creatin-creatinin figures un- 

 reliable. Four times the quantities of acetone and diacetic acid eliminated in 

 the present experiments were entirely without effect upon the creatinin 

 readings." 



Experimental studies on creatin and creatinin. — VII, The fate of creatin 

 and creatinin when administered to man, W. C. Rose and F. W. Dimmitt 

 {Jour. Biol. Chem., 26 {1916), No. 2, pp. 3^/5-353).— Excessively large doses of 

 creatin and creatinin were fed to individuals in nitrogen balance and the effect 

 observed on urinary composition, particularly with reference to the output of 

 urea. The following conclusions are drawn : 



"The ingestion of large doses (20 gm.) of creatin in man leads to a very 

 perceptible increase (0.30 to 0.49 gm.) in the output of creatinin. This increase 

 in urinary creatinin is attributed to a conversion of creatin into its anhydrid, 

 and not to an increase in the output of endogenous creatinin. 



"The ingestion of large doses (16 gm.) of creatinin is not followed by the 

 appearance of creatin in the urine. This indicates that the reaction Creatin— > 

 Creatinin+Water is probably not a reversible one in the human organism. 



" No evidence was obtained indicating a transformation of creatin or creatinin 

 into urea by the body cells. On the contrary, urea is probably not a catabolic 

 product of these substances." 



The physiological action of glucal, J. O. Balcab {Jour. Biol. Chem., 26 

 {1916), No. 1, pp. 163-171). — This investigation was made in viev^- of the fact 



