1916] FIELD CROPS. 739 



nitrogenous matter and nitrogen-free extract, no starch being produced In the 

 bulbs during the storing process. Potassium oxid was found in maximum 

 amount in the first stage, while phosphorus pentoxid showed a tendency to in- 

 crease in amount as the plant matured. Approximately as many heads were 

 produced at the full height as there were bulbs at the beginning of the season's 

 growth. It was further observed that the plant above ground loses an absolute 

 amount of dry matter from the time the seed is in the dough until it is fully 

 ripe as the result of washing by rain and dew and a falling ofi; of dead parts. 



The wheat plant was found to resemble the timothy plant in taking up its 

 nitrogenous and mineral matter and in containing the highest percentage of 

 moisture in the green plant in the earlier stages of gro\vth, and also in losing an 

 absolute amount of dry matter at the time of full ripening due to washing by 

 rain and dew and the falling of dead parts. The heads gained more uniformly 

 and rapidly in their amount of dry matter than any other part. Nitrogen-free 

 extract was found to be produced and stored at a greater rate than any other 

 constituent but nitrogen, ash, and ether -soluble matter were added in some 

 quantity also. The fiber was determined as practically all formed by the time 

 the blossom has fallen and as remaining constant to ripening. The stalks and 

 leaves contained their maximum amount of dry matter at blossoming time, after 

 which nitrogenous material and nitrogen-free extract passed to the ripening 

 heads. 



The roots and stubble increased in dry matter up to the milk stage, after 

 which a decrease took place as the dry matter passed to the portion of the plant 

 above ground. The fiber present in the roots did not decrease in amount but 

 nitrogenous and ether-soluble matter, ash, and nitrogen-free extract passed out 

 of the roots into the growing plant above ground during the ripening of the 

 heads. 



In both wheat and timothy plants the percentage of protein, ash, and ether 

 extract showed a tendency to reach a higher value in the young than in the 

 mature plant, while the percentage of crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract was 

 the greater at maturity. 



Hilling of Voandzeia subterranea, P. C. van deb Wolk (Cultura. 27 (1915), 

 No. 328, pp. 405-417). — This article discusses the peanut and Voandzeia sub- 

 terranea and brings out their common and individual characteristics. Con- 

 siderable attention is given to subterranean fruit production which is common 

 in both plants. 



In an experiment conducted to test the effect of hilling, as is practiced in 

 peanut culture, the Voandzeia plants all died as the result of this method of 

 cultivation. The author points out that hilling among other disadvantages 

 brings about conditions which favor disease attacks. 



Comparative variety tests with squarehead winter wheat from 1908 to 

 1910, C. Leveeenz (Arb. Deut. Landw. Gesell., No. 278 {1915), pp. XXVI+ 

 240+8, pis. 5). — This report presents at considerable length and in great detail 

 the results of cooperative tests of nine varieties of squarehead winter wheat 

 conducted throughout Germany during the three years 1908 to 1910. The prin- 

 cipal varieties were Original Strube Schlanstedt, Original Strube Silesian, and 

 Original Leutewitz. 



A summary based on the results of all the tests showed that the Strube 

 Schlanstedt variety yielded an average of 3,051 kg. of grain and 4,984 kg. of 

 straw per hectare (2,715 lbs. and 4,436 lbs. per acre, respectively), Silesian 

 2,646 kg. of grain and 5,271 kg. of straw, and Leutewitz 3,001 kg. of grain and 

 5,018 kg. of straw. Of about 158 tests relating to grain yield and 132 to straw 

 production, 97 of each raised no question regarding methods used or the results 

 67476°— 17 4 



