1916] DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 677 



In comparisons with filtered milk 10 samples out of 20 filtered through 4-ply 

 cheesecloth varied in bacterial count from 24,000 to 639,000 per cubic centi- 

 meter. Ten average samples out of 20 filtered through one ply of Canton flan- 

 nel varied in bacterial count from 18,000 to 316,000 per cubic centimeter. Ten 

 average samples out of 20 filtered through 1-ply ordinary absorbent cotton, cov- 

 ered above and below with 1-ply cheesecloth, varied in bacterial count from 

 31,400 to 760,000 per cubic centimeter. Every sample of filtered milk was 

 classed as good by the Lorenz sediment test. 



It is concluded that the result of a sediment test is no criterion as to the 

 kind or number of bacteria contained in the milk. The various sediment tests, 

 while applicable in roughly estimating the quantity of sediment in unstrained 

 milk, can not be used as the sole means of determining the hygienic conditions 

 under which the milk was produced. Sediment testers are deemed of little 

 value in estimating the degree of contamination in milk strained through the 

 substances mentioned. The Lorenz apparatus is considered the most convenient 

 and practical for demonstrating dirt in milk. 



The grading' of milk, E. Kelly (Hoard's Dairyman, 52 {1916), No. 1, pp. 

 1, 6, figs. 3). — A discussion of the history and development of the grading of 

 milk, reasons for grading, and systems of grading. 



Sanitary condition of dairies (U. 8. House Representatives, 64- Cong., 1. Sess., 

 Hearings before Committee on Rules on House Resolution ISl, 1916, pp. 101). — 

 This reports hearings before a House committee as to the sanitary condition of 

 dairies in the United States. 



A new pasteurizing apparatus for bottled milk, Weigmann, A. Wolff, M. 

 Tkensch, and M. Steffen (Milchw. Zentbl., U (191.5). Nos. 13, pp. 193-202, 

 fi,g8. 2; 14, PP- 209-217). — An apparatus for the pasteurizing of bottled milk, 

 based on the " holder " method is described, together with data on its efliciency 

 in bacterial destruction. 



The biorizator, Orla-Jensen (Milchw. Zentbl., 44 {1915), No. 18, pp. 273-277, 

 fig. 1 ) . — The biorizator method and apparatus for pasteurizing milk is described 

 and data given showing its efficiency in reducing the bacterial content without 

 detriment to the quality of the milk. 



Biorized milk, K. E. F. Schmitz {Milchw. Zentbl., 44 {1915), No. 16, pp. 

 24I-245, figs. 3). — A discussion of the biorizator and its efficiency in bacterial 

 destruction. 



Besult of the Lobeck method of milk sterilization (biorization), K. E. F. 

 Schmitz {Ztschr. Hyg. u. Infektionskrank., 80 {1915), No. 2, pp. 233-260, figs. 

 5). — Experiments with the Lobeck biorizator indicated that it is an effective 

 method of sterilizing milk without impairing the quality, taste, or nutritive 

 value. It was effective in destroying tubercle bacilli. 



A simple steam sterilizer for farm dairy utensils, S. H. Ayees and G. B. 

 Taylob (f7. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 748 {1916), pp. 11, figs. 8). — ^A simple 

 and inexpensive yet efficient steam sterilizer is described which can be provided 

 at a cost of from $5 to $10. It is believed that the sterilizer described is cheap 

 enough to justify its use on any farm from which milk or cream is sold. It 

 is designed to be of greatest use to those who have one, two, or three 10-gal. or 

 smaller cans with a similar number of pails and a strainer cloth, but can be 

 used with a larger number of cans. 



When properly operated this sterilizer destroys practically all the bacteria 

 in the utensils, including all disease germs which may be present. It will ac- 

 complish the same results as any sterilizer in which steam not under pressure 

 is used. Eii)eriments with this sterilizer show that the 5-minute steaming is, 

 for practical purposes, as good as the 15- to 30-minute steaming usually recom- 

 n^Dded. 



