640 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



as it leads to the abundant production of fruit buds. The author's experiments 

 are being continued. 



Influence of fertilizers on the conservation of fruits, N. Bspaullard {Jour. 

 Soc. Nat. Hort. France, 4. ser., 14 (1913), July. p. 421). — In confirmation of his 

 previous results (E. S. R., 27, p. 644) the author concludes that phosphatic 

 and potassic fertilizers exert no deleterious influence on the conservation of 

 pears. 



The diseases of fruit trees, R. Eweet (Die Erankheiten der Obstbdume. 

 Berlin, WIS, pp. 118, figs. 51). — A practical treatise on the important diseases 

 and insect pests of orchard fruits, including directions for their control. 



Spraying- investigations for 1912, J. L. Hewitt (Arkansas Sta. Bui. 114, 

 pp. 505-545. figs. S). — This bulletin embodies the results of all the minor inves- 

 tigations concerned directly with spraying that have been carried on by the 

 station during the past year. 



In order to determine whether it is possible to combine spraying for San 

 Jos6 scale with the first spraying for scab by using the strong scale mixture 

 after the cluster buds are open and before the blossoms are open, trees of 

 different varieties were sprayed with strong lime-sulphur mixture during the 

 spring of 1912. The results of this test, together with observations of similar 

 tests in private orchards, show that apples may be sprayed with the strong lime- 

 sulphur mixture at 44° B. at the time for the first scab spraying. It can not 

 be stated positively, however, that the use of this mixture at this time wifl 

 control the scale. 



An observation was made of a supposed spray injury from the second spray- 

 ing of apples, in which the leaves had a peculiar curled appearance, looking as 

 If burned. The injury was found in both sprayed and unsprayed orchards and 

 was apparently due to a fungus, although no spores were found by which it 

 could be identified. 



An investigation of injury to peach trees from commercial lime-sulphur spray 

 in an orchard sprayed under the advice of the station showed that the injury 

 was partly due to making the mixture too strong and partly to overdrenching 

 the trees. A mixture at the strength of 1 : 75 caused some injury to the leaves, 

 even when carefully applied. A mixture of 1: 100 apparently caused no injury 

 when the mixture was carefully applied but with overdrenching caused more 

 or less injury. The author points out the distinguishing characteristics of 

 injury to peach leaves caused by lime-suiphur, injury caused by ai-senicals, 

 and that caused by fungus attack. Recommendations are given for spraying 

 peaches, including suggestions relative to choosing and using a spraying outfit. 



Investigations were made of various commercial nozzles of the eddy chamber 

 type with reference to distribution of spray mixture, effective force of the 

 spray, effective amount of spray, total amount of spray, effects of changing the 

 diameter and the depth of the eddy chamber, changing the size of the hole 

 in the disk, and changing the thickness of the disk, and effect of size of hole 

 in the basal plate. The results of the nozzle tests as tabulated show the diam- 

 eter of the hole in the disk, the diameter and depth of the eddy chamber, and 

 the total amount of liquid that they give at 150 lbs. pressure. The results 

 as a whole indicate that the best nozzle for Arltansas conditions is one with 

 an eddy chamber i in. in diameter and J in. deep, and a disk with a hole ^ 

 in. in diameter. 



Fumigation and spraying, H. Garman {Kentucky Sta. Bui. 172, pp. 193- 

 209, pis. 4> figs. 4)- — This bulletin contains instructions for the use of hydro- 

 cyanic acid gas, carbon bisulphid, carbon tetrachlorid, and tobacco extracts as 

 fumigants in destroying insect pests on nursery stock, and in dwellings, mills. 



